1,720,957 research outputs found
Using Ionizing Technologies on Natural Compounds and Wastes for the Development of Advanced Polymers and Active Packaging Materials
No full textThe global market for packaging materials is expanding significantly. Active packaging is designed to create a unique environment within the package to delay the growth of spoilage organisms and thereby extend the quality of packaged foods. Ionizing technology can be harnessed in the recycling of natural materials to extract biopolymers and bioactive compounds which are then either coated, incorporated, or immobilized onto packaging materials to form active packaging materials. Such materials have been found to extend the shelf life of a variety of foods. Ionizing technologies can be used to improve the quality of natural biopolymers by either grafting materials onto polymers or by crosslinking the polymers. Significant improvements in puncture strength, deformation, and polymerization were achieved when specific packaging films were exposed to defined ionizing doses. Ionizing technology has also been shown to functionalize a variety of biopolymers by substrate activation. It can also be used in the upcycling recycling of cellulose from aseptic packaging wastes as a reinforcement agent of polyester-based composites. Ionizing technologies can play a major role in the crosslinking of protein films and synthetic polymers.</p
Molecular Responses of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin Producing E.coli When Exposed to Acid Stress and Electron Beam Irradiation in Strawberry Matrix
Get PDFNon-O157 Shiga toxin producing E.coli (STEC) serogroups are responsible for a growing number of food-related illnesses around the world. These serogroups experience dramatic pH fluctuations either by organic acids introduced during food processing or by inorganic acids in the stomach, which induce acid resistance in the pathogens. The main non-O157 STEC serogroups were analyzed for their acid sensitivity by exposing them to acid buffer, inorganic acid buffer and strawberry puree for 24h and room temperature. The results show that bacterial inactivation depends on the nature of the acid and the strain (P strawberry > organic acid. An untargeted metabolomics analysis identified that peptidoglycan, nitrogen, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis are activated in E.coli O26 when exposed to inorganic acid buffer, to protect the structural integrity of the cells. D-Glutamine/D-glutamate metabolism was activated in both strawberry puree and inorganic acid exposed cells to possibly maintain the homeostasis of the cellular pH. Application of 1kGy of eBeam results in a 4-log inactivation of a cocktail of non-O157 STEC serogroups in strawberry puree and a significant (>99.99%) reduction in public health risks. A lethal dose of 3 kGy of eBeam activated metabolic pathways related to DNA repair, virulence and glutathione metabolism in an attempt to repair the lethal damage. Transcriptomic analysis results indicate that when E.coli O26 cells are maintained for 24 hours in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer 88% (5358 genes) of its 6089 genes were up-regulated. However, in the cells are stored at room temperature in a strawberry matrix, only 71 genes (1.1%) were up-regulated. When E.coli O26 cells were exposed to 3 kGy eBeam dose and stored in PBS buffer and strawberry matrix, 5379 and 2250 genes were upregulated respectively. Though the cells are inactivated after exposure to lethal doses of eBeam radiation, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis indicate that they are still metabolically active
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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