1,721,060 research outputs found
Use of hormonal contraceptive methods by women with diabetes
No full textBackground and methodologyThis study sought to establish use of hormonal contraception in UK women aged between 15 and 44 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes compared with comparison groups with no diabetes. A cross sectional study design was used to compare 947 cases of type 1 diabetes and 365 cases of type 2 diabetes with comparison groups matched for age. Subjects were selected from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD).ResultsWomen with diabetes were less likely to use hormonal contraception than women without diabetes – type 1 RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.59–0.93), type 2 RR 0.60 (95% CI 0.42–0.83). Women with type 1 diabetes were more likely to be prescribed a combined pill than a progestogen only pill (POP), but were significantly more likely to be prescribed the POP than were women without diabetes RR 1.65 (95% CI 1.26–2.13). Women with type 2 diabetes were less likely to be prescribed a combined oral contraceptive RR 0.39 (95% CI 0.24–0.62). The injectable contraceptive Depo Provera was significantly more likely to be given to women with diabetes than the comparison group – type 1 RR 1.56 (95% CI 1.12–2.11), type 2 RR 3.57 (95% CI 2.15–5.60).Discussion and conclusionsThe study highlighted significant variation in prescribing of hormonal contraception to women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in comparison to those without diabetes. It is now recognised that hormonal contraception is a safe and effective option for women with uncomplicated diabetes. Possibly there are significant numbers of young women with poorly controlled diabetes or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease that have influenced clinicians in avoiding the use of hormonal contraception. Paradoxically it is these women who are at most risk from unplanned pregnancy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Babies removed at birth : narratives of mothers' and midwives'.
Get PDFAbstract
Background: There is growing evidence that the numbers of babies being removed at birth, here in the UK is increasing and that the presence of domestic violence, drug misuse and mental ill-health are all contributory factors. Evidence is however lacking regarding the mothers experience and the impact of such removal. There also lacks evidence regarding the midwifery profession involvement, practitioners experience and possible strategies of amelioration for women and professional education needs of midwives, for this challenging aspect of contemporary midwifery practice.
Methods: Four mothers and eight midwives were recruited to the study. Narrative inquiry incorporating oral and photo-elicitation was used to collect the data, with mothers being interviewed face to face and midwives taking part via focus groups. Pre-existing analytical frameworks did not fit the study ambition and objectives leading to the creation of one to identify patterns, commonalities, as well as the contrasts and relationships across the data.
Results: The outcome of the analytical process enabled the reframing of the data to be shared via two composite narratives, one for the mothers and one for the midwives, each presenting the participant’s experiences in a coherent and meaningful way. It also enabled analysis across the mothers’ and midwives’ narratives and the reporting of interconnected themes. Included in the results is emergent consideration of a model of grief for women who have their babies removed at birth. Reflection on midwifery care models and the educational needs and support for midwives. Plus the recognition that mothers whose babies may be removed at birth are vulnerable themselves and currently may have unmet safeguarding needs, which needs addressing.
Conclusions: This study has contributed to our collective understanding of mothers’ and midwives’ experience of babies being removed at birth. This narrative understanding provides valuable insight into a topic that has previously received minimal research attention within a changing social landscape, and evidence to guide and inform midwifery practice. This evidence has potential to inform and educate midwives in preparation for and in their continuing professional practice. It also provides a platform for further research and development in three areas. The process of grief for women who have their babies removed and how this may inform further life choices, care needs requires further exploration to enable understanding and guide services and practice. Midwifery models of care that enable midwives to focus on the dyad of mother and baby who are both vulnerable, may have safeguarding needs, rather than privileging one at the detriment of the other. Thirdly the dissemination of the creative analytical process of reviewing verbal and visual data linked to the use of narrative methodology
Sea swimming during pregnancy and matrescence: Embodiment, experiences and the environment
No full textThere is a knowledge gap around pregnant women\u27s experiences of sea swimming both within the social research sphere and wider public health communications. Using creative methods, this cross-disciplinary research focuses upon the embodiment and experiences of 13 pregnant and 5 matrescent women who sea swam during winter in the UK. Findings document the women\u27s perceived health and wellbeing benefits of cold water swimming through pregnancy including a protected space for mothers to create time for themselves. Cold water immersion was reported as easing aches and pains associated with pregnancy. Some women used the controlled breath of entering cold water as a pre-emptive strategy for labour, parallel to wider hypnobirthing strategies recommended by midwives, doulas or health care providers. The relationship between the midwife and women is discussed, particularly in relation to exchange of knowledge, healthcare concerns and risks such as the condition and quality of the water. The paper includes two research poems written by the lead author that weave the questions, concerns and experiences of the participants involved following in-person interviews in coastal locations in South West UK and research workshops. The poems summarise why women wish to continue swimming in the sea through their pregnancy, despite safety and environmental challenges. Altogether, this paper sets out new and novel parameters for conducting health and place research using sequential mixed methods with a survey and qualitative techniques including poetry, diaries and photography, that honour the voices and stories of the women involved
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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