1,720,987 research outputs found
Power plant siting in Japan: the role and effectiveness of compensation
No full text[Extract] Japan, like many other nations, confronts a NIMBY problem in implementing a range of private and public projects including energy and industrial facilities, transportation projects, military installations and waste repositories. Even projects which would be regarded as socially desirable by many such as hospitals and research institutions have been delayed because of protracted conflict with local communities. Although there is a need for such projects to resolve many societal problems, it has become increasingly difficult to get local community acceptance for them. It is said that most communities understand and agree with the need for these projects as long as they are developed not in their own backyard but in someone elses, far away from them
Transaction costs and institutional change
No full text[Extract] The development or siting of unwanted facilities remains a major policy problem for industrialized countries around the world. Throughout Asia, Australia, Europe and North America, intense local opposition almost always greets attempts to site facilities that are perceived to be highly hazardous and risky, such as nuclear plants, high-level waste projects, and industrial projects. Local residents often view any local benefits as being small relative to the risks and burdens. These projects may be justified from a broader national perspective, but local communities often want them located somewhere else, a response often referred to as the 'not in my backyard'(NIMBY) syndrome (Popper, 1983). Such outcries generate political resistance, and makes siting a major policy challenge for both the private and public sectors in all democratic nations alike
On-site samples' regression : Problems of non-negative integers, truncation, and endogenous stratification
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Three Essays in the Economics of Recreation Demand (Travel Cost Method, National Resource).
No full textThree essays have been developed to improve the theory and the estimation of the travel cost method which is the most commonly used method to describe the demand for outdoor recreation. Theoretical issues are discussed in the first two essays, and econometric estimation is discussed in the final essay. In the first essay, I demonstrate that historically the travel cost method (TCM) has been used to measure the demand for household commodities (recreation experiences). This approach, unfortunately, is full of empirical hazards mainly due to the endogeneity of household commodity prices. An alternative strategy is to use the TCM as a derived input demand function. In this case, the price endogeneity problem disappears. The appropriate unit for the dependent variable is the consumer's number of trips to the site. Only prices of inputs and full income are appropriate arguments in the demand function. The widespread use of total cost that includes travel cost, on-site time, and money outlays is a misspecification. On-site time and on-site expenditures should be excluded from the model. In the second essay, the Slutsky equation for the derived input demand function is developed. Using the Slutsky equation, useful prior restrictions and hypotheses of the impacts of input price changes on the demand for inputs are deduced. Further, it is shown that welfare measures, based on the input demand equation, are appropriate measures of the net value of individual recreation sites. The third essay corrects an estimation problem in previous estimates of the TCM using on-site samples. There are two sources of the problem in on-site samples: truncation and endogenous stratification. Four theoretically correct methods are developed to solve the two problems. A numerical experiment is done to compare the four methods using generated data sets of a known model. Two methods are shown to be superior: (a) the maximum likelihood method solving the two problems together, and (b) normalizing for endogenous stratification and then using a maximum likelihood method to solve the problem of truncation. Using recreation data from sites in Montana, ordinary least squares (OLS) is compared with the maximum likelihood method. OLS significantly overestimates the individual net social benefits by factors of 1.3 (TURN) 2.3. Thus, we should not use OLS and instead should use the maximum likelihood methods developed here to estimate recreational site demand functions using on-site samples.PhDAgricultural economicsUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/160874/1/8600549.pd
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On-Site Samples' Regression: Problems of Nonnegative Integers, Truncation, and Endogenous Stratification
Get PDFJoint Implementation, the Clean Development Mechanism and the baseline: an economic analysis
No full textVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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