1,354,167 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modelling situation awareness relations in a multiagent system
No full textThere is broad consensus that situation awareness (SA) plays a key role in agent-based modelling of complex sociotechnical systems. However in the social sciences and human factors literature there are different views on what SA is and how it could be modelled. More specifically, one school of research considers SA as the process of gaining awareness, another school refers to it as to the product of gaining awareness, whereas the third school sees SA as a combination of the process and product. Typically, agent-based modelling of SA is done from the second view for each individual agent, possibly with additional social components to enable interaction. Current developments in multiagent systems indicate that social abilities and relations between agents should be not an addition, but at the core of any model of a sociotechnical system. To address this issue, we develop a mathematical modelling framework of SA relations between agents which supports all three views. The use of the framework is demonstrated by an example of retrospective accident modelling from the aviation domain.Control & OperationsAerospace Engineerin
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Agent Perception Modeling for Movement in Crowds
No full textThis paper explores the integration of a perception map to an agent based model simulated on a realistic physical space. Each agent's perception map stores density information about the physical space which is used for routing. The scenario considered is the evacuation of a space given a crowd. Through agent interactions, both in physical proximity and through distant communications, agents update their perception maps and continuously work to overcome their incomplete perception of the world. Overall, this work aims at investigating the dynamics of agent information diffusion for emergency scenarios and combines three general elements: (1) an agent-based simulation of crowd dynamics in an emergency scenario over a real physical space, (2) a sophisticated decision making process driven by the agent's subjective view of the world and effected by trust, belief and confidence, and (3) agent's activity aimed at building relationships with specific peers that is based on mutual benefit from sharing information.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Effect of Relationship Biases on AOCC Performance
No full textPassengers are frequently affected by airline disruptions, leading to a poorer than expected passenger experience. Airlines are affected by disruptions in the order of billions of dollars. Managing disruptions effectively is therefore paramount for an airline’s long-term commercial success. In spite of decision-support tools being introduced to facilitate Airline Operational Control Center (AOCC) decision-making, their adoption rate is low. For the foreseeable future, humans will unquestionably remain in the loop when it comes to AOCCdisruption management and human-factors will continue to come into play in AOCC decision-making. Toimprove AOCC decision-making, the effects of human factors on decision-making must be well understood. Bias is a human factor that affects decision-making and a relationship bias is a bias where previous negative experiences, between two individuals, will negatively affect future interactions they may have. A lack of trust, unwillingness to concede (in negotiations) or even a reluctance to interact, are a few examples on how a relationship bias may operationally manifest itself. AOCC decision-makers collaborate with one another to arrive at a integrated solution that mitigates an airline’s disruption. If a relationship biases exist within the AOCC, this negatively affects collaboration among AOCC decision-makers the development of solutions. The effect of the relationship bias on the solutions selected to mitigate an airline’s disruptions motivates the study of the effect of the relationship bias on AOCC performance. The fact that the relationship bias on AOCC decision-making has never been research, further motivates its study. We hope to address this research gap by evaluating the effects of the relationship bias on AOCC performance. More precisely, the research objective is to evaluate the effects of the relationship bias on AOCC performance, by modelling AOCC decision-making through a Naturalistic Decision-making framework using Klein’s Extended Recognition-Primed Decision model, and modelling AOCC social decision-making and interactionsusing Chow’s Co-Ladder model. The methodology involves formalizing AOCC goals through a framework [Popova and Sharpanskykh, 2008] which enables us to measure organizational performance. Furthermore, it involves formally integrating Bruce’s extension [Bruce, 2011a] of Klein’s extended Recognition-primed Decision (RPD) model with Chow’s social interaction model [Chow et al., 2000]. The model is finally simulated for a scenario where a scheduled flight suffers a mechanical disruption and the performance is evaluated based on a goal satisfaction and operational costs. There are three main contributions of this research. Firstly, the individual cognition model developed makes it possible to model AOCC decision-maker’s individual cognition within the complex and dynamic AOCC environment. The second contribution is the proposed integrated model, which make it possible to integrate agent individual cognition and agent social decision-making and interactions. The third contribution is the evaluation of various possible relationship biases, which makes it possible evaluate the effect of different relationship types on AOCC performance. The research conducted led to a few interesting findings. For example, only some relationship biases lead to a significant decreased in AOCC performance, whereas other relationships have a negligible effect. Another interesting finding was that if there is a relationship bais between two agent, they are both not equally affected. The relationship bias only affects the AOCC control agent who requires information from a counterpart in order to develop their partial solution.Aerospace Engineerin
Parallel and Distributed Simulation of Large-Scale Cognitive Agents
No full textThe large-scale simulation of complex cognitive agent based models simulated on realistic physical space require special computer processing considerations. In this paper, we explore the up-scaling of an agent based model to city-scale, by considering details about how to implement the models in a cellular automata (CA) in a parallel-distributed simulation (PDS) framework.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
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