1,720,976 research outputs found
Tribology of Polycarbonate Urethane for a Permanent Meniscus Implant in the Simulated Synovial Fluid
No full textMeniskus má klíčovou funkci jako tlumiče a stabilizátor uvnitř kolenního kloubu při chůzi, sportovní aktivity, a mnoho dalších denních pohybů během našich životů. Menisku slzy jsou velmi pravděpodobné, u mladých a aktivních dospělých kvůli extrémním pohybům při sportovních aktivitách. Buď pokud roztrhané meniskus se neléčí, nebo odstranit meniskektomie, jak povede k osteoartrózy. Tedy, je-li přítomna utržený meniskus, je třeba jej nahradit menisku protézy, aby se zabránilo poškození chrupavky nebo osteoartróza způsobené slzy. Polykarbonátové Uretan (PCU), byla dobře studována jako menisku protézy kandidáta, přesto jeho tribologické vlastnosti v synoviální kolenního kloubu prostředí nebyly zkoumány. Prvním cílem této studie bylo zjistit vliv různých synoviální tekutiny (SF), komponent na koeficient tření (COF), měřená mezi kloubních chrupavek a PCUs a případné vzniklé opotřebení chrupavky. Druhým cílem bylo zjistit vliv povrchové úpravy PCUs, tj Bionate 80A, Bionate II80A, Bionate 80AS, Bionate 80A2F na měřené COF a opotřebení rychlost chrupavky. Třetí Cílem této studie bylo zjistit, zda nahrazení zdravého menisku s PCUs způsobil poškození chrupavky. Čtvrtý Cílem této studie bylo zkoumat účinek experimentu času na COF a opotřebení. Univerzální Mechanické Tester Bruker je (UMT-3) byl použit k měření COF mezi kloubní chrupavky a PCUs v různých chemických roztok z nejméně do nejvíce kompletní simulované SF. Histologie byla prováděna zkoumat poškození chrupavky po experimentů. Výsledky této studie ukázaly, že přidání více složek, maziv na simulovanou SF neprokázaly snížil COF. Přesto, v nejúplnější simulované SF napodobuje přirozený SF, B80A a BII80A přineslo nejnižší COFS všech biomateriálů. Potvrzující, že COF a opotřebení nekorelují, B80AS ukázal nejmenší opotřebení rychlost všech Bionates zatímco zdravé meniskus nevykazovala žádné poškození chrupavky. Tak, výměna zdravého menisku s PCUs 2způsobil poškození chrupavky. Pokud jde o čas experimentovat, COF odvozený od 4 hodin experimentů byla vyšší než COF od 1 hodiny pokusy v této studiiThe meniscus has a crucial function as a shock absorber and stabilizer inside the knee joint during walking, sportsactivities, and many other daily movements during our lives. Meniscal tears are very probable in young and active adults due to extreme movementsduring sportsactivities. Either if a torn meniscus is left untreatedor removed by meniscectomy, bothlead to osteoarthritis. Thus, when a torn meniscus is present, it needs to be replaced with a meniscus implantto prevent cartilage damage or osteoarthritis caused by the tears. Polycarbonate Urethane (PCU) has been well studied as a meniscus implantcandidate, yet its tribological properties in the synovial knee joint milieu have not been investigated. The first aim of this study was to investigate the effect of differentsynovial fluid (SF) components on the coefficient of friction (COF)measured between articular cartilage and PCUsand possible resulting wear ofthe cartilage. The second aim wasto investigate the effect ofsurface modifications ofPCUs, i.e. Bionate 80A, Bionate II80A, Bionate 80AS, Bionate 80A2F on themeasuredCOF and wear rateofthe cartilage. The third aim of this study was to investigate whether replacement of healthy meniscus with PCUs caused cartilage damage. The fourthaim of this study wasto investigate the effect of experiment time on COFandwear. A Bruker's Universal Mechanical Tester (UMT-3)was used to measure the COF between articular cartilage and the PCUsin different solution chemistries from the least to the most complete simulated SF. Histology was performed to examine the damage o fthe cartilage after the experiments. The results of this study showed that adding more lubricant components to the simulated SF did not show any decreased COF. Yet, in the most complete simulated SF mimicking the natural SF, B80A and BII80Ayielded the lowest COFsof all the biomaterials. Confirming that COF and wear have no correlation, B80AS showed the least wear rateof all the Bionates while healthy meniscus did not cause any cartilage damage. In 4conclusion, replacement of healthy meniscus with PCUs caused cartilage damage. With respect to experiment time, increasing the time from 1up to 4 hours increased the measured COF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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