843 research outputs found
Strengthening public safety nets
No full textHelping to reduce vulnerability poses a new set of challenges for public policy. The most immediate challenge is to determine the appropriate role for public action if there should be a role at all. A starting point is the ways that communities and extended families try to cope with difficullties in the absence of government interventions. Coping mechanisms range from the informal exchange of transfers and loans within families and commmunitieis to more structured institutions that enable an entire community to provides protections to their neediest members. The existence of this web of private and nonformal mechanisms pompts a series of questions: Will building public safety nets displace existing mechanisms and offer limited net gain to households? Would it be more effective to strengthen existing mechanisms than creating new ones? Can the private sector and NGOs play larger roles? This paper provides some speculative answers and describes places for public action, as well as its limits.Social institutions. ,Public institutions. ,
An operational tool for evaluating poverty outreach of development policies and projects
No full textDevelopment institutions and projects frequently seek to target poorer segments of the population. Yet, existing methods for evaluating their outreach are generally unsuited to most operational settings, since they are either too costly and cumbersome (e.g., detailed income or household surveys), or they produce results that are not comparable between villages or regions within a country (e.g., participatory poverty appraisals). This paper presents a new and operationally suitable method to measure the poverty of clients of development projects in relation to the general population of nonclients. The method was developed in response to demands by donors and development practitioners for a low-cost evaluation instrument that could be used as a regular operational tool for assessing the poverty outreach of a development project or institution. While the method was originally developed for the purpose of assessing the poverty outreach of microfinance institutions (MFIs), we believe the method can be used for any development policy or project that pursues an explicit objective of reaching poorer people. The paper begins by discussing existing methods of poverty assessment. Next, the paper presents heuristic steps for identifying indicators of poverty to be tested in the case studies, including the questionnaire that was field tested in four countries with large differences in poverty-level, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts, and with MFIs that worked either in urban, rural, or mixed areas with different target clientele and financial products. The authors then describe the method of principal component analysis used to construct a poverty score as the measure of relative poverty. The paper concludes with a summary of results from four country case studies (two in Sub-Saharan Africa, one in South Asia, and one in Central America).FCND ,Poverty Research Evaluation ,
Empirical measurements of households' access to credit and credit constraints in developing countries
No full textThis paper presents a new methodological framework for measuring the level of household access to credit. It provides an analytical framework for examining the determinants of household credit limits and derives implications on information needed to examine the extent to which households are credit constrained. Empirical application of this method involves directly eliciting credit limit information in household surveys. Illustrations are provided using data from Bangladesh and Malawi.FCND ,Credit Bangladesh. ,Credit Malawi. ,
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No full textNot AvailableKumar, S., Manohar, R.P.V., Deb, S.M., Mitra, A., John, B., Sharma, A. and Bujarbaruah, K.M. 2008.
Genetic variability of somatotropin releasing hormone (SRH) gene in Mithun (Bos frontalis). J. Appl. admin. Res., 33: 205-207. A fragment of 452 bp corresponding to exon 2 and 3 of somatotropin releasing hormone (SRH) gene on
amplification in 90 mithun (Bos frontalis) revealed two genotypic patterns viz. AA genotypic pattern
(bands of 292 and 160 bp) and AB genotypic pattern (452,292, and 160 bp) with respect to SauI restriction enzyme. The sequence of the A allele, which was the first report on mithun SRH gene, was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. EF014289).Not Availabl
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance
No full textMost rural households lack access to reliable and affordable finance for agriculture and other livelihood activities. Many small farmers live in remote areas where retail banking is limited and production risks are high. The recent financial crisis has made the provision of credit even tighter and the need to explore innovative approaches to rural and agricultural finance even more urgent. This set of 14 briefs clearly points out the importance of business realities faced by small farmers, including low education levels, the dominance of subsistence farming, and the lack of access to modern financial instruments. Innovations in rural and agriculture finance: Overview Renate Kloeppinger-Todd and Manohar Sharma; Financial literacy Monique Cohen; Community-based financial organizations: Access to Finance for the Poorest Anne Ritchie; Rural banking in Africa: The Rabobank approach Gerard van Empel; Rural banking: The case of rural and community banks in Ghana Ajai Nair and Azeb Fissha; Rural leasing: An alternative to loans in financing income-producing assets Ajai Nair; Determinants of microcredit repayment in federations of Indian self-help groups Yanyan Liu and Klaus Deininger; M-PESA: Finding new ways to serve the unbanked in Kenya Susie Lonie; Biometric technology in rural credit markets: The case of Malawi Xavier Giné; Credit risk management in financing agriculture Mark D. Wenner; New approaches for index insurance: ENSO insurance in Peru Jerry R. Skees and Benjamin Collier; Microinsurance innovations in rural finance Martina Wiedmaier-Pfister and Brigitte Klein; Combining extension services with agricultural credit: The experience of BASIX India Vijay Mahajan and K. Vasumathi; Bundling development services with agricultural finance: The experience of DrumNet Jonathan Campaigne and Tom Rausc
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance
No full textMost rural households lack access to reliable and affordable finance for agriculture and other livelihood activities. Many small farmers live in remote areas where retail banking is limited and production risks are high. The recent financial crisis has made the provision of credit even tighter and the need to explore innovative approaches to rural and agricultural finance even more urgent. This set of 14 briefs clearly points out the importance of business realities faced by small farmers, including low education levels, the dominance of subsistence farming, and the lack of access to modern financial instruments. Innovations in rural and agriculture finance: Overview Renate Kloeppinger-Todd and Manohar Sharma; Financial literacy Monique Cohen; Community-based financial organizations: Access to Finance for the Poorest Anne Ritchie; Rural banking in Africa: The Rabobank approach Gerard van Empel; Rural banking: The case of rural and community banks in Ghana Ajai Nair and Azeb Fissha; Rural leasing: An alternative to loans in financing income-producing assets Ajai Nair; Determinants of microcredit repayment in federations of Indian self-help groups Yanyan Liu and Klaus Deininger; M-PESA: Finding new ways to serve the unbanked in Kenya Susie Lonie; Biometric technology in rural credit markets: The case of Malawi Xavier Giné; Credit risk management in financing agriculture Mark D. Wenner; New approaches for index insurance: ENSO insurance in Peru Jerry R. Skees and Benjamin Collier; Microinsurance innovations in rural finance Martina Wiedmaier-Pfister and Brigitte Klein; Combining extension services with agricultural credit: The experience of BASIX India Vijay Mahajan and K. Vasumathi; Bundling development services with agricultural finance: The experience of DrumNet Jonathan Campaigne and Tom RauschNon-PRIFPRI1; GRP4; 2020DG
Manohar Malgonkar as a Feminist
No full textThis research paper illustrates the concept of female characters in the novels of Manohar Malgonkar. Branded as an entertainer and story teller, the deeper qualities of his fiction have been neglected or unperceived by many. The various articles by commentators do not seem to bring out the merits of the author as a significant Indo-English novelist. The few researchers who have taken up his novels seem to have failed to highlight his exceptional command over the English language. A casual reading of his novels may make the reader fall in line with the biased comments made by earlier critics. It is also intended to bring out a balanced view of the greatness of the author. Succumbing to this temptation also, this attempt to study the concept of women versus tradition in Malgonkar’s novels is made here. In this study I have taken up his five full-fledged and mature novels to explain Malgonkar as a feminist - Distant Drum, Combat of Shadows, The Princess, A Bend in the Ganges, and The Devil’s Wind. Key words: Traditions, Inferiority complex, Anglo-Indian, Orthodox, Reminiscence, Relationship, and Domination, Feminism etc
Effect of Microwave Baking on Biscuit Quality
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Application of Microwave Baking for Bakery Products
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
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No full textNot AvailableKumar, S., Gupta, S., Manohar R.P.V., Deb, S.M., Mitra, A., Sharma, A. and Bujarbaruah, K.M. 2009.
Nucleotide variability of partial somatotropin hormone (STH) gene in mithun (BOS frontalis). J. Appl.
h i m . Res., 35: 165-168. A fragment of 544 bp corresponding to exon 1 and 2 of somatotropin hormone (STH) gene was amplified in 90 mithun (Bos frontalis). The nucleotide sequence similarity of mithun with zebu cattle, yak, exotic cattle and buffalo was found to be 99.6,99.4,98.9 and 93.5%, whereas, the corresponding figures for deduced amino acid sequence were 100, 100, 99.4 and 98.8%, respectively. The PstI and PvuII PCR-RFLP analysis produced bands of 479, 65 and 448, 96 bp, respectively, in all the animals indicating no mutant allele and hence monomorphism in the mithun population studied. The sequence of the amplicon was submitted to GenBank (Accn no, EU166347).Not Availabl
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