1,720,966 research outputs found
The role of group-based moral pride in regulating guilt and shame for intergroup transgressions
No full textWhen people from advantaged groups are confronted with information about their group’s immoral actions, they tend to respond with different group-based self-conscious emotions. Group-based guilt and moral shame are associated with intergroup reparation intentions, whereas image shame for the ingroup’s tarnished reputation leads members to avoid reconciliation. We introduce and test a model for how group-based moral pride regulates these different reactions to the ingroup’s transgressions. Across Studies 1-2, Canadians high on authentic group-based moral pride (AGMP), which entails genuine and grounded feelings of moral accomplishment, experienced higher levels of guilt and moral shame for Canada’s genocide of Indigenous people. Conversely, people high on hubristic group-based moral pride (HGMP), an inflated sense of moral superiority, experienced higher levels of image shame. Group-based moral shame accounted for a positive indirect association between AGMP and support for reparations, whereas image shame accounted for a positive indirect association between HGMP and avoidance intentions. In Study 3, we show that these divergent associations between each facet of group-based moral pride and guilt/moral shame are explained by defensive appraisals of an ingroup moral threat. In Studies 4-5, manipulated feelings of AGMP causally increased group-based guilt and moral shame, and these effects were found among both non-Indigenous Canadians (Study 4) and White Americans (Study 5). Group-based moral shame, in turn, mediated the effects of manipulated AGMP on increased support for reparations and decreased support for avoidance. These results contribute to a theoretical understanding of how self-conscious emotions regulate one another to influence intergroup relations.Arts, Faculty ofPsychology, Department ofGraduat
Cultural change fast and slow : a novel measure of the speed of cultural change
No full textWhat cross-national patterns of variation in the speed of cultural change exist? And what
explains this variation? Prior research on cultural change has tended to focus on describing and
explaining changes along narrow dimensions of culture, while leaving these questions about
broader patterns of cultural change unaddressed. Due to this dimension-focused approach,
cultural psychology has yet to develop any adequate methods for measuring cross-national
variation in the speed of cultural change. To address the gap in the literature, we repurpose
statistical tools conventionally used to measure cross-national cultural distance and develop an
index measuring country-level rates of cultural change over the last 20 years: the cultural change
index. We present our approach to building this index and provide an analysis of its statistical
properties and robustness. We perform exploratory analyses that examine the correlation between
the cultural change index and a wide range of variables that prior research has identified as
potentially having a causal impact on the speed of cultural change. We find correlations with the
cultural change index across five classes of predictor variables— socioeconomic development,
globalization, gender equality, cultural orientations, and ecological factors. To conclude, we
discuss limitations of the present research and make recommendations for how future research
on this topic can build upon our measurement techniques and analytical approaches.Arts, Faculty ofPsychology, Department ofGraduat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The moral consequence of religions
No full textDebates about the causal relationship between religion and morality continue to be inconclusive, despite the willingness of pundits on both sides to speculate freely. We present three studies aimed at resolving whether religion has a causal effect on prosocial behaviour, and what mechanisms may be involved. Our results indicate that the implicit priming of religion does, indeed, increase prosocial behaviour towards anonymous strangers. The effect holds both for theists and atheists. Meanwhile, self-reported religiosity as a trait measure does not seem to be associated with prosocial behaviour. We also find that religion primes, but not control primes or ones associated secular institutions of morality increase feelings of guilt and nervousness. We discuss the mechanisms that may underlie such effects. In addition, we examine the implications that such a finding has for theories positing religion as a necessary, culturally evolved, facilitator in the emergence of large scale societies at the beginning of the Neolithic period.Arts, Faculty ofPsychology, Department ofGraduat
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Emotional Toll of Hell: Cross-National and Experimental Evidence for the Negative Well-Being Effects of Hell Beliefs
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