717 research outputs found
HER2 breast cancer therapies: a review
No full textConleth G Murphy, Shanu ModiBreast Cancer Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USAAbstract: Amplification of the HER2 gene and/or overexpression of its protein product have been found in up to 25% to 30% of human breast cancers and have been shown to be associated with poorer outcomes compared to ‘HER2 normal’ breast cancer. Research has focused on developing therapies directed to the HER2 receptor and its pathway. These include the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which has improved outcomes when used in patients with both advanced and early breast cancer. Lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has demonstrated activity in advanced breast cancer and is currently being evaluated in early stage disease. We discuss the therapeutic rationale and clinical trial experience with these agents. Other novel and emerging strategies targeting the HER2 receptor and its pathway are also discussed. These strategies include novel HER2 antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, agents targeting downstream components of the HER2 signaling pathway, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors.Keywords: HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, breast cancer, trastuzumab, lapatini
FAKTOR KEMENANGAN BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY (NARENDRA MODI) PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM LOK SABHA KE-17 INDIA TAHUN 2019
No full textAbstrakSetelah kemenangannya pada Lok Sabha ke-16 tahun 2014, pada pemilihan umum Lok Sabha ke-17 tahun 2019 dengan memperoleh 303 kursi di Dewan Rakyat India, Bharatiya Janata Party (Narendra Modi) kembali menduduki posisi sebagai pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi di Parlemen India yang membawa Modi menjadi Perdana Menteri India. Penulis menggunakan Teori Rational Choice milik Angus Chambell untuk menjelaskan bagaimana perilaku pemilih yang menjadi faktor penyebab kemenangan BJP (Modi) pada Lok Sabha ke-17 India. Data – data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis topik ini bersumber dari buku, jurnal dan artikel internet. Dari pengolahan data yang dilakukan penulis menyimpulkan bahwa faktor kemenangan BJP (Modi) pada Pemilihan Umum Lok Sabha ke 17 India tahun 2019 dipengaruhi oleh : 1.) Program Keamanan Nasional dan Ekonomi India. 2.) Sosok Modi yang Berkarisma. 3.) Pendukung BJP yang Loyal; dimana hal tersebut berhasil menciptakan hubungan timbal balik yang positif antara pemerintahan BJP (Modi) dengan masyarakat India. Kata Kunci : Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Narendra Modi, Lok Sabha, Hindu di India, Perilaku Pemiih. AbstractAfter winning the 2014 Lok Sabha, In the 17th Lok Sabha general election 2019 with 303 seats in the Indian People’s Council. The Bharatiya Janata Party (Narendra Modi)’s victory re-occupied the posotion as the hightest authority in the Indian Parliament which brought Modi return to his position as Prime Minister of India. The author uses Angush Chambell’s Rational Choice Theory to explain how the voter behavior was a factor in BJP (Modi)’s Victory in India’s 17th Lok Sabha. The data used to analyze this topic comes from a book, journals and Internet articles. From the data processing carried out, the author conclude that BJP (Modi)’s Victory factor in India’s 17th Lok Sabha General Election in 2019 influenced by: 1.) India’s National Security and Economi Program. 2.) Modi’s Charismatic Figure. 3.) BJP’s Loyal Supporters; where these points created a positive reciprocal relationship between the BJP (Modi) government and the people of India. Key word: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Narendra Modi, Lok Sabha, Hinduism in India, Voter Behavior
Targeted Therapy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: Can There Be Too Many Active Drugs?
No full text
Antibody–drug conjugates: Smart chemotherapy delivery across tumor histologies
No full textAntibody-drug conjugates; Enfortumab vedotin; Smart chemotherapyConjugats anticossos-medicament; Enfortumab vedotin; Quimioteràpia intel·ligentConjugados anticuerpos-fármaco; Enfortumab vedotin; Quimioterapia inteligenteAs distinct cancer biomarkers have been discovered in recent years, a need to reclassify tumors by more than their histology has been proposed, and therapies are now tailored to treat cancers based on specific molecular aberrations and immunologic markers. In fact, multiple histology-agnostic therapies are currently adopted in clinical practice for treating patients regardless of their tumor site of origin. In parallel with this new model for drug development, in the past few years, several novel antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have been approved to treat solid tumors, benefiting from engineering improvements in the conjugation process and the introduction of novel linkers and payloads. With the recognition that numerous surface targets are expressed across various cancer histologies, alongside the remarkable activity of modern ADCs, this drug class has been increasingly evaluated as suitable for a histology-agnostic expansion of indication. For illustration, the anti-HER2 ADC trastuzumab deruxtecan has demonstrated compelling activity in HER2-overexpressing breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer. Examples of additional novel and potentially histology-agnostic ADC targets include trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) and nectin-4, among others. In the current review article, the authors summarize the current approvals of ADCs by the US Food and Drug Administration focusing on solid tumors and discuss the challenges and opportunities posed by the multihistological expansion of ADCs.Paulo Tarantino reports personal fees from AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. Roberto Carmagnani Pestana reports consulting fees from Bayer and honoraria from Pfizer, Merck, Bayer, and Servier outside the submitted work. Shanu Modi reports grants and nonfinancial support from Daiichi-Sankyo, Genentech, Novartis, Synta Pharmaceuticals, Seattle Genetics, Macrogenics, Carrick Pharmaceuticals, and Eli Lilly outside the submitted work. Aditya Bardia reports institutional grants from Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Radius Health, Immunomedics Inc, Mersana, Innocrin, and Biotheranostics Inc; consulting fees from Biotheranostics Inc, Pfizer, Novartis, Genentech, Merck, Radius Health, Immunomedics Inc, Spectrum Pharma, Taiho, Sanofi, Daiichi Pharma, AstraZeneca, Puma, Phillips, and Eli Lilly; and meeting support from Biotheranostics Inc, Pfizer, Novartis, Genentech, Merck, Radius Health, Immunomedics Inc, Spectrum Pharma, Taiho, Sanofi, and Phillips outside the submitted work. Sara M. Tolaney reports consulting fees from Novartis, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Merck, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Puma, Genentech, Immunomedics Inc, Nektar, Tesaro, Daiichi-Sankyo, Athenex, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Nanostring outside the submitted work. Javier Cortes reports grants from Roche, Ariad Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Baxalta GMBH-Servier Affaires, Bayer Healthcare, Eisai, F Hoffman-LaRoche, Guardant Health, MSD, Pfizer, Piqur Therapeutics, Puma C, and Queen Mary University of London; intellectual property for MedSIR; consulting fees from Roche, Celgene, Cellestia, AstraZeneca, Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Seattle Genetics, Daiichi Sankyo, Erytech, Athenex, Polyphor, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, GlaxoSmithKline, Leuko, Bioasis, and Clovis Oncology; and honoraria from Roche, Novartis, Celgene, Eisai, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Daiichi-Sankyo outside the submitted work. Jean-Charles Soria was formerly employed at AstraZeneca and is now employed by Amgen; owns stock in AstraZeneca, Gritstone Bio, and Relay Therapeutics; and serves on the Board of Directors for Hookipa Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Giuseppe Curigliano reports a grant from Merck; consulting fees from Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Seattle Genetics, Lilly, Ellipses Pharma, Foundation Medicine, Samsung, Daichii-Sankyo, and Exactsciences; honoraria from Pfizer, Novartis, Seattle Genetics, and Daichii-Sankyo; and meeting support from Foche and Pfizer outside the submitted work. Chiara Corti made no disclosures
Maternal antecedents to adolescent girls’ neural regulation of emotion
No full textCurrent research on adolescent brain development has uncovered individual differences in patterns of functional connectivity during the regulation of emotions, reflecting differences in psychological and emotional functioning. The purpose of this study was to identify possible contributors to these individual differences by investigating the role of maternal emotional resources, in the form of adult attachment and emotional awareness. Participants included 35 adolescent girls (M age = 15.51, SD = 0.37) who completed an implicit emotion regulation task (Lieberman et al., 2007) during an fMRI scan following 9th grade. Mothers reported on the quality of their adult attachment when youth were in 3rd and 4th grades and reported on their emotional awareness when youth were in 4th and 5th grades. We found that higher levels of maternal anxious attachment and lower levels of maternal emotional awareness were significantly correlated with more positive (i.e., ineffective) amygdala-right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) connectivity. Further, path analysis revealed that there was an indirect effect of maternal anxious attachment on adolescent functional connectivity through maternal emotional awareness. These results suggest that exposure to compromised maternal emotional resources in childhood may be linked to the development of ineffective neural processing of emotions, highlighting one pathway for the intergenerational transmission of disrupted emotion processing.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Haina Modi, accepted the attached license on 2018-11-19 at 09:33.The student, Haina Modi, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-11-19 at 09:42.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-11-26 at 11:59.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13098 on 2019-02-07 at 14:17:36Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T20:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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En Modi-fierad demokrati : En kvantitativ innehållsanalys gällande amerikansk nyhetsrapportering om Indien
No full textThe Swedish independent research institute V-Dem, which measures democracy around the world, declared in their most recent report on the issue that India was no longer classified as a democracy, but an electoral autocracy. Amongst other things, V-Dem draws the conclusion that the election of the Hindu nationalist leader Narendra Modi in 2014 has been a strong contributor to the decline in democracy in India. At the same time, The U.S. Department of State declares that the U.S.-India partnership is founded on a shared commitment to freedom and democratic principles. With India as a close ally, friction could arise. This thesis aims to explore how India is portrayed in American media, to get a broader understanding of how Americans view India and Narendra Modi. Many scholars believe policy is based on people’s opinions, and people’s opinions are largely based on how the media portrays certain issues. The author also draws a comparison between American right-leaning media outlets and left-leaning media outlets to examine if there are any differences regarding the depiction of India between them. By performing a quantitative content analysis, the author aims to examine how American media portrays India, its leaders, and democracy. The layout of the study is based on exanimating 175 published articles about India and coding them via a codebook designed to measure democratic values and the depiction of Narendra Modi, his government, and party BJP. The findings suggest that when democratic values are depicted in articles about India, it is mostly in negative terms. On the other hand, the portrayal of Narendra Modi, his government, and his party are more balanced. The findings also suggest that right-leaning and left-leaning media have a very similar way of portraying India, its democracy, and Narendra Modi
Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: II. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation
No full textBackground. Social skills training and cognitive remediation are psychological techniques with considerable face validity for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia and their consequences. This paper provides a meta-analytical review of these treatments. It includes an appreciable number of randomized controlled trials, using comparisons against both standard care and other active interventions. However, the assessment of particular outcomes sometimes had to be based on single studies.Method. A detailed search strategy was used to identify randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation, primarily employing electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met predefined criteria were then subjected to meta-analysis on a variety of outcome measures.Results. There was no clear evidence for any benefits of social skills training on relapse rate, global adjustment, social functioning, quality of life or treatment compliance. Cognitive remediation had no benefit on attention, verbal memory, visual memory, planning, cognitive flexibility or mental state.Conclusions. Social skills training and cognitive remediation do not appear to confer reliable benefits for patients with schizophrenia and cannot be recommended for clinical practice
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