1,721,104 research outputs found
Developing a core outcome measurement set for clinical trials in acute diarrhoea
No full textAIM:
The Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea, part of The Consensus Group on Outcome Measures Made in Paediatric Enteral Nutrition Clinical Trials, previously developed a core outcome set for clinical trials on acute diarrhoea. This study aimed to create a core outcome measurement set to complement it.
METHODS:
The study had three phases. The first identified how the literature defined core outcome measures in clinical trials on acute diarrhoea and measured outcomes. The second phase used a questionnaire to seek the views of 109 leading researchers and clinicians in this specialist field. The third phase achieved a consensus on the core outcome measurement set.
RESULTS:
First, we identified 52 different measurement instruments or definitions. A questionnaire was then used to ask our experts what they thought were the most valid core outcome measurement instruments or definitions for each measure and 53 (49%) responded. Core outcome measurement instruments were then developed, including definitions of diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis, diarrhoea duration, dehydration, the need for hospitalisation, discharge criteria and duration of hospitalisation.
CONCLUSION:
The outcome measurement set can be used to evaluate therapeutic or preventive strategies and can be recommended for use in future acute diarrhoea trials
Author Correction: Reply to: Postbiotics - when simplification fails to clarify
No full textIn the original Supplementary Table associated with this Correspondence, the terms “postbiotic” and “ISAPP” were misspelled in the column heading and footnote, respectively. These errors have now been corrected and the Supplementary information updated online; for transparency, the updated Supplementary Table is available in the online version of this Correction.</p
SYNBIOTICS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: POSITION PAPER OF THE ESPGHAN SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP ON GUT MICROBIOTA AND MODIFICATIONS
Full text linkSynbiotics are a mixture comprising of live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host. There is an increasing number of studies investigating their role in different diseases and disorders
Author correction: The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics
No full textThe originally published article contained an error in Table 2 in which the study on L. gasseri CP2305 was wrongly attributed to reference 155; it should have cited reference 15: Nishida et al. Para- psychobiotic Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 ameliorates stress- related symptoms and sleep quality. J. Appl. Microbiol. 123, 1561–1570 (2017). This error has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.</p
A Need for a Paradigm Shift in Healthy Nutrition Research
Full text linkResearch in the field of sustainable and healthy nutrition is calling for the application of the latest advances in seemingly unrelated domains such as complex systems and network sciences on the one hand and big data and artificial intelligence on the other. This is because the confluence of these fields, whose methodologies have experienced explosive growth in the last few years, promises to solve some of the more challenging problems in sustainable and healthy nutrition, i.e., integrating food and behavioral-based dietary guidelines. Focusing here primarily on nutrition and health, we discuss what kind of methodological shift is needed to open current disciplinary borders to the methods, languages, and knowledge of the digital era and a system thinking approach. Specifically, we advocate for the adoption of interdisciplinary, complex-systems-based research to tackle the huge challenge of dealing with an evolving interdependent system in which there are multiple scales—from the metabolome to the population level—, heterogeneous and—more often than not— incomplete data, and population changes subject to many behavioral and environmental pressures. To illustrate the importance of this methodological innovation we focus on the consumption aspects of nutrition rather than production, but we recognize the importance of system-wide studies that involve both these components of nutrition. We round off the paper by outlining some specific research directions that would make it possible to find new correlations and, possibly, causal relationships across scales and to answer pressing questions in the area of sustainable and healthy nutrition
World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines update – IV – A quality appraisal with the AGREE II instrument
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Since the publication of The World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines in 2010, a number of other guidelines, expert opinions, and position papers relating to the management of cow's milk allergy (CMA) have been published. We aimed to systematically review the quality of the guidelines on CMA diagnosis and management in children and/or adults published between 2010 and 2020. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, and Turning Research into Practice databases as well as website guideline repositories were searched from January 2010 until May 2020. Any clinical practice recommendations and/or guidelines focusing on the diagnosis and management of CMA in children and/or adults developed or endorsed by professional scientific societies or organizations were included. The guidelines were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool, a 23-item tool organized within 6 domains and 2 global rating items. RESULTS: We included 12 guidelines; 8 were developed by national and 4 by international organizations. The quality scores for each domain varied: of all domains, the clarity of presentation domain had the highest median score (92%; Q1-Q3 81–100%), whereas rigor of development had the lowest median score (30%; Q1-Q3 15–67%). The median scores (Q1-Q3) for individual domains were as follows: scope and purpose 82% (70–99%), stakeholder involvement 63% (21–79%), rigor of development 30% (15–67%), clarity of presentation 92% (81–100%), applicability 68% (57–75%), and editorial independence 75% (69–100%). The median overall score was 70% (58–89%). Only 1 guideline (from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]) achieved top ratings (100%) in five domains and the overall score. Three guidelines (from the NICE, the British Society for Allergy & Clinical Immunology [BSACI] and WAO) achieved the highest ratings (100%) in at least 3 domains and the overall score. CONCLUSION: The majority of identified guidelines were of good or very good quality. However, the weakest point was the rigor of development domain, mostly due to unclear description of strengths and limitations of the body of evidence and the procedure for updating the guidelines
Publisher Correction: Publisher Correction: The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics
No full text
Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Data from long‐term follow‐up
Full text linkObjective: We aimed to compare symptom frequency and severity in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and to evaluate anxiety, quality of life (QoL) and global health during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related quarantine and after 17 months. Methods: Children diagnosed with FAPDs between October 2019 and February 2020 at 5 different centers were enrolled and prospectively interviewed during the COVID-19 quarantine and 17 months later when schools, hospital services, and routine activities had re-opened to the public. The patients were asked to complete the Rome IV questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) Generic Core Scale, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and global health questionnaires. Data about COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome were also collected. Results: Ninety-nine out of 180 (55%) children completed the follow-up. The number of patients reporting a worsening of their symptoms was significantly higher at follow-up when compared to the quarantine period (24/99 [24.2%] vs. 12/99 [12.1%]; p = 0.04). The PedsQL 4.0 subtotal score at follow-up significantly decreased at 17 months of follow-up (65.57 [0-100]) when compared to the quarantine (71 [0-100], p = 0.03). Emotional functioning was the most significantly reduced (Follow-up: 64.7 [0-100] vs. Quarantine: 75 [0-100]; p = 0.006). We did not identify significant differences in symptoms and QoL between COVID-19 infected children and the remaining cohort at the two time points. Conclusions: An improvement of symptoms and QoL was observed during the quarantine, followed by a worsening at-follow-up. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that the nest effect overweighted COVID-19 fears during the quarantine and highlight the importance of psychological factors in symptom exacerbation
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