92 research outputs found
Empirically derived new equations for calculating body fat percentage based on skinfold thickness and midarm circumference in preschool Indian children
No full textPrediction Equations for Body-fat Percentage in Indian Infants and Young Children Using Skinfold Thickness and Mid-arm Circumference
No full textAge and sex specific variations in body composition in Indian urban Bengali Hindu children, adolescents and young adults aged 7–21 years
No full textChildhood and adolescent obesity is a public health concern worldwide. However, little attention has been paid on status of overweight and body composition of Indian Bengali urban middle and high SES population. The objective was to determine the prevalence of overweight and body composition status by age and sex in children, adolescents and young adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 4194 unmarried school and college students (1999 males and 2195 females) aged 7–21 years belonging to the Bengali Hindu Population in Kolkata, India. The survey period was from 1999 to 2011. Anthropometry of participants were measured. Age and sex specific ≥85 percentile of body mass index (BMI) for children (<18 years of age) and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 (≥18 years of age) for adults were used to define overweight. Fat percent, upper arm fat area (UAFA) and upper arm muscle area (UAMA) were estimated. Simple linear regression was performed to check trend of changes with age. The overall prevalence of overweight was 14.8% in both sexes. Mean fat percent was higher in females than males (23.5% vs 13.5% respectively; p<0.001) and it increased by 0.18% (0.02) in males and 0.56% (0.02) in females per year (both p<0.001). UAMA gradually increased with age in both sexes and increasing rate per year was by 2.07 (0.04) cm2 in males and 1.19 (0.04) cm2 in females (both p<0.001). However, UAFA increased by 0.41 (0.03) cm2 and 0.90 (0.03) cm2 every year in males and females respectively (both p<0.001). Sum of biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailliac skinfolds increased by 1.66 (0.06) mm and 0.5 (0.07) mm per year in females and males respectively (both p<0.001). Overall prevalence of overweight was the same in both sexes but adipose tissue was higher and muscularly was lower in females than males
Age and sex specific variations in body composition in Indian urban Bengali Hindu children, adolescents and young adults aged 7–21 years
No full textChildhood and adolescent obesity is a public health concern worldwide. However, little attention has been paid on status of overweight and body composition of Indian Bengali urban middle and high SES population. The objective was to determine the prevalence of overweight and body composition status by age and sex in children, adolescents and young adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 4194 unmarried school and college students (1999 males and 2195 females) aged 7–21 years belonging to the Bengali Hindu Population in Kolkata, India. The survey period was from 1999 to 2011. Anthropometry of participants were measured. Age and sex specific ≥85 percentile of body mass index (BMI) for children (<18 years of age) and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 (≥18 years of age) for adults were used to define overweight. Fat percent, upper arm fat area (UAFA) and upper arm muscle area (UAMA) were estimated. Simple linear regression was performed to check trend of changes with age. The overall prevalence of overweight was 14.8% in both sexes. Mean fat percent was higher in females than males (23.5% vs 13.5% respectively; p<0.001) and it increased by 0.18% (0.02) in males and 0.56% (0.02) in females per year (both p<0.001). UAMA gradually increased with age in both sexes and increasing rate per year was by 2.07 (0.04) cm2 in males and 1.19 (0.04) cm2 in females (both p<0.001). However, UAFA increased by 0.41 (0.03) cm2 and 0.90 (0.03) cm2 every year in males and females respectively (both p<0.001). Sum of biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailliac skinfolds increased by 1.66 (0.06) mm and 0.5 (0.07) mm per year in females and males respectively (both p<0.001). Overall prevalence of overweight was the same in both sexes but adipose tissue was higher and muscularly was lower in females than males
Prediction equations for body-fat percentage in Indian infants and young children using skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference
No full textThe objective of the study was to develop prediction equations for
fat-mass percentage in infants in In-dia based on skinfold thickness,
mid-arm circumference, and age. Skinfold thicknesses and mid-arm
cir-cumference of 46 apparently-healthy infants (27 girls and 19 boys),
aged 6-24 months, from among the urban poor attending a well baby
clinic of a hospital in Kolkata were measured. Their body-fat
percent-age was measured using the D 2 O dilution technique as the
reference method. Equations for body-fat per-centage were developed
using a stepwise forward regression model using skinfold thicknesses,
mid-arm circumference, and age as independent variables, and the
body-fat percentage was derived by D 2 O dilu-tion as the dependent
variable. The new prediction equations are: body-fat
percentage=-69.26+5.76ΧB-0.33ΧT 2 +5.40ΧM+0.01ΧA 2
for girls and body-fat percentage=-8.75+3.73ΧB+2.57ΧS for
boys, where B=biceps skinfold thickness, T=triceps skinfold thickness,
and S=suprailiac skinfold thickness all in mm, M=mid-arm circumference
in cm, and A=age in month. Using the D 2 O dilution technique, the
means (SD) of the cal-culated body-fat percentage were 17.11 (7.25) for
girls and 16.93 (6.62) for boys and, using the new predic-tion
equations, these were 17.11 (6.25) for girls and 16.93 (6.02) for boys.
The mean of the differences of paired values in body-fat percentage was
zero. The mean (SD) of the differences of paired values for body-fat
percentage derived by the D 2 O technique and the new equations,
applied on an independent sample of 23 infants (11 girls and 12 boys)
were -0.93 (6.56) for girls and 1.14 (2.43) for boys; the 95%
confidence limits of the differences of paired values for body-fat
percentage were -2.03 to +3.89 for girls and -0.26 to +2.54 for boys.
Given that the trajectories of growth during infancy and childhood are
a major risk factor for a group of diseases in adulthood, including
coronary heart disease and diabetes, these predictive equations should
be useful in field studies
Low birth weight and birth weight status in Bangladesh: A systematic review and metaanalysis
No full textThe prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is high in Bangladesh, but no study has collated recent estimates of LBW prevalence from throughout the country. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of LBW and birth weight status in Bangladesh. We searched PubMed, Medline, Ovo and Google Scholar to find published articles in national and international journals from 2000–2020 and reviewed for relevance. Meta-analysis and Q test were performed to estimate the prevalence and hetero-geneity of LBW from all included articles. Meta-regression was done to quantify associations with sample size and study year. Stratified analysis was conducted and effect size calculated for differences in LBW prevalence by sex, division and urban/rural area. In total 48 studies with 166,520 births were found and included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of LBW was 29.1% (95% CI, 28.9–29.3%) in overall, 29.9% (29.7–30.2%) in rural and 15.7% (14.9–16.6%) in urban areas. There was no significant difference in average birth weight between boys and girls (SD, 0.71; 95% CI, −0.43–1.83). Prevalence of LBW was higher in north-east Bangladesh compared to other zones (p<0.05). The pooled prevalence of LBW did not change significantly for last two decades. The prevalence of LBW in Bangladesh remains high. Lack of im-provement suggests an urgent need for scaled up maternal and prenatal interventions and services known to reduce LBW. Urban/rural and divisional differences in rates suggest areas of greatest need
Prediction equations for body-fat percentage in Indian infants and young children using skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference
No full textThe objective of the study was to develop prediction equations for
fat-mass percentage in infants in In-dia based on skinfold thickness,
mid-arm circumference, and age. Skinfold thicknesses and mid-arm
cir-cumference of 46 apparently-healthy infants (27 girls and 19 boys),
aged 6-24 months, from among the urban poor attending a well baby
clinic of a hospital in Kolkata were measured. Their body-fat
percent-age was measured using the D 2 O dilution technique as the
reference method. Equations for body-fat per-centage were developed
using a stepwise forward regression model using skinfold thicknesses,
mid-arm circumference, and age as independent variables, and the
body-fat percentage was derived by D 2 O dilu-tion as the dependent
variable. The new prediction equations are: body-fat
percentage=-69.26+5.76ΧB-0.33ΧT 2 +5.40ΧM+0.01ΧA 2
for girls and body-fat percentage=-8.75+3.73ΧB+2.57ΧS for
boys, where B=biceps skinfold thickness, T=triceps skinfold thickness,
and S=suprailiac skinfold thickness all in mm, M=mid-arm circumference
in cm, and A=age in month. Using the D 2 O dilution technique, the
means (SD) of the cal-culated body-fat percentage were 17.11 (7.25) for
girls and 16.93 (6.62) for boys and, using the new predic-tion
equations, these were 17.11 (6.25) for girls and 16.93 (6.02) for boys.
The mean of the differences of paired values in body-fat percentage was
zero. The mean (SD) of the differences of paired values for body-fat
percentage derived by the D 2 O technique and the new equations,
applied on an independent sample of 23 infants (11 girls and 12 boys)
were -0.93 (6.56) for girls and 1.14 (2.43) for boys; the 95%
confidence limits of the differences of paired values for body-fat
percentage were -2.03 to +3.89 for girls and -0.26 to +2.54 for boys.
Given that the trajectories of growth during infancy and childhood are
a major risk factor for a group of diseases in adulthood, including
coronary heart disease and diabetes, these predictive equations should
be useful in field studies
Anthropometric Indicators as Predictors of Mortality in Early Life Among Low Birthweight Indian Infants
No full textBACKGROUND: Low birthweight (LBW) babies (<2.5 kg) are at higher risk of mortality and weight for height z score is currently recommended for identifying infants at risk of mortality. OBJECTIVE: To compare different anthropometric measures at 28-day of age in a cohort of LBW Indian infants for predicting mortality between 28-day and 180-day of age. METHODS: We used data from an individually randomized controlled trial of LBW infants weighing between 1,500 and 2,250 g. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values, and area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were used to estimate the discrimination of mortality risk. The Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and population attributable fraction for each anthropometric indicator. These estimates were calculated for individual as well as combinations of anthropometric indicators at the cut-off of –2 and –3 SD of the WHO 2006 growth standards. RESULTS: Severe underweight (weight-for-age z-scores [WAZ] < –3) had a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 68.0% with an AUC of 0.72. The risk of death was higher (HR 6.18; 95% CI 4.29–8.90) with a population attributable fraction of 0.63 (95% CI 0.52–0.72) for infants severely underweight at 28-day of age. Combination of different anthropometric measures did not perform better than individual measures. CONCLUSION: Severe underweight (WAZ < –3) better discriminated deaths among LBW infants < 6 months of age. It can be considered for diagnosis of nutritionally at-risk infants in this age group. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02653534]
Evaluation of Stool Antigen Test for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Asymptomatic Children from a Developing Country Using 13C-urea Breath Test as a Standard
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