131 research outputs found
Advanced Materials for Solar Cell Technology and Energy Simulation
No full textAs global climate change intensifies, a pivotal shift towards renewable energy sources becomes imperative. Given its adaptability and efficacy, solar cell technology stands out as a frontrunner in the quest to combat environmental degradation. With the vast expanse of buildings occupying significant portions of the urban landscape, integrating photovoltaics into building design is a timely necessity. Before embarking on tangible installations, conducting an energy simulation proves invaluable in gauging a building's energy requirements, ensuring cost and time efficiency. This paper delves into the advanced materials employed in solar cell technology and undertakes an energy simulation for a photovoltaic module. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics is not just an innovative leap in harnessing solar energy but also symbolizes the synergy between architectural design and energy production. By fine-tuning system operations and comprehending external factors, Building-Integrated Photovoltaics points to a future where energy solutions are both sustainable and tailored to a wide range of applications
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Human Rights Law in Egypt and Malaysia: Freedom of Religion and Expression, Volume 1 /
No full textThe discourse surrounding freedom of religion and expression in Muslim-majority countries is complex and multifaceted, shaped by a myriad of factors including cultural, political, and legal dynamics. This volume examines the complex interplay of these factors within the contexts of Egypt and Malaysia, offering valuable insights into the challenges and advancements in safeguarding these fundamental freedoms. From the diverse interpretations of Islamic principles to the varying legal frameworks and the influence of global events, such as geopolitical conflicts and terrorism, on human rights dynamics, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of the complexities involved. Moreover, it delves into the historical, social, and political contexts that shape the protection and limitation of these freedoms, offering a nuanced understanding of the evolving discourse surrounding human rights in Muslim-majority countries. Through comparative analyses and discussions on the role of civil society and advocacy groups, this volume serves as an invaluable resource for scholars, policymakers, and activists seeking to deepen their understanding of the multifaceted realm of freedom of religion and expression in Egypt and Malaysia. Asif Mohiuddin is a Lecturer in the Department of Moral Studies, Civics and Character Building at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. Previously, he worked as a Postdoctoral Academic Officer at the same institution. He is the author of the book "Navigating Religious Authority in Muslim Societies: Islamist Movements and the Challenge of Globalisation" (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023). From 2021 to 2022, he served as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Faculty of Theology at Sakarya University, Turkey. Before joining Sakarya University, he was a Lecturer in the Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He earned his PhD from the University of Kashmir in 2018. His research interests include globalisation and Islam, the intersection between politics and religion in the Middle East, human rights law, Islam and the West, and Muslim minorities in multicultural societies (Europe and South Asia)
SEASONAL CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN DIFFERENT BODY TISSUES OF FRESHWATER BIVALVE MOLLUSC, Mytilus viridis FROM GODAVARI RIVER IN MAHARASHTRA
No full textThe present study was undertaken in order to determine the seasonal changes in biochemical constituents in different body tissues of freshwater mollusc, Mytilus viridis from river Godavari, near Aurangabad. The study was conducted during all the three seasons for twelve months. This study has shown that seasonality is related to significant alterations in the biochemical constituents of soft body tissues. The result showed maximum amount of protein in gonads, where as minimum protein was found in mantle, during all the three seasons. Animal showed large fluctuation in the amount of glycogen present in all the four body tissues. During the summer season, maximum amount of glycogen was found in foot, whereas in the winter season mantle and foot showed presence of highest amount of glycogen. Lipids were found to be in maximum amount in mantle and foot during summer season and gonad showed maximum values of lipids during monsoon and winter seasons.  
The Performance Evaluation of OFDM Based WLAN (IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g)
No full textABSTRACT In the past decade there has been a steady growth in development and implementation of wireless Local Area Networks and emerged as in the largest sectors of the telecommunication industry. Wireless local area network (WLANs) provides connectivity, mobility, and much higher performance and achievable data rate. WLAN is a new medium of access technology in the Local Area Network (LAN) world. Mostly WLAN applications are used in public sectors such as airports, banks, hotels, offices, city centres because of the flexibility of the people. Orthongonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM has been adopted by IEEE 802.11’s standard as a transmission technique for high data rate in WLANs. Now IEEE 802.11 standard has been expanded to a family of WLAN standards. 802.11a and 802.11g both are used Orthongonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) but operate in different frequency bands. It is shown that 802.11a provides high speed throughout the entire coverage area and long term solution however it does not provide better solution in most cases as compared to IEEE 802.11g. Matlab Simulation model based on IEEE 802.11a/g using different modulation and demodulation techniques such as BPSK, QPSK and QAM to analysis the best performance of IEEE 802.11a/g with implementation of OFDM. Keywords: Orthongonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), IEEE 802.11s family, Wireless Local Area Network, Simulation, MATLABSummary The objective of this research is to examine the performance of the IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g WLAN comparing through OFDM modulation techniques. It is found that IEEE 802.11a/g provides similar quality except IEEE 802.11g provides wider range but range is the controversial topic in WLAN medium. In the other hand IEEE 802.11a provides more channels in 5 GHz bands as well as have a good enough signal qualities but there is range limitation factor. Range limitation in the enterprise and public sectors can be adjusting through installations more APs. The main disadvantage of the 802.11g is the frequency band is common and interference from the other networking technology such as Bluetooth, 2.04 GHz cordless phone and IEEE 802.11a avoid this interference because its operate in 5.GHz bands. Consequently, all the simulation is a comparison between simulated BER for a computer system and theoretical BER for serial systems it has been proved through simulation results that theoretical BER and simulated BER under AWGN are good agreement with each other. It means that I and Q points on constellation are much closer to each other the data error can be reduced as well as transmission easily influenced to noise. 64 QAM modulations are much better than 16 QAM when BER decrease SNR will be increase because signal is stronger than noise. 64 QAM modulations need higher bandwidth and give an excellent data rates as compared to 16 QAM
The chick cardiomyocyte micromass system and stem cell differentiation along specific pathways : prediction of embryotoxic effects and their mechanism
No full textMalformations in humans at birth have been recorded since ancient times. These malformations are anatomical or physiological anomalies present at the time of birth that may be caused by genetic or environmental factors or a combination of both. The pathogenesis is only known in 10%, of which 1% or less are caused by drugs and medications. Certain disease states, like maternal epilepsy and depression during gestation itself, contribute to abnormal development. Further, this dilemma is augmented by the use of medications during pregnancy. The antiepileptic (AEDs) and antidepressant drugs (ADPs) with a history of producing malformed neonates are mostly classified as moderate teratogens. This study was designed to evaluate teratogenic potential at the cellular and molecular levels of AEDs and ADPs on cardiomyocytes at different stages of development and the neural stem cell derived neurons using in vitro systems.
In the micromass system (MM), five day old embryonic chick cardiomyocytes were cultured to form beating foci, while embryonic stem cell were differentiated into contracting cardiomyocytes (ESDC) using the hanging drop method. In a third in vitro system early chick Neural Stem Cells (NSC) were diverted to a neuronal lineage. Drug toxic effects were estimated on cultured cell viability and protein content. The effects on gap junctions (Cx43) in cardiomyocytes and neurofilament (NF) in NSC were also evaluated because of their important role in cell differentiation and regulation. Oxidative stress, being the potential source of xenobiotic toxicity induction, was also analysed and toxic effects were counteracted using antioxidants and other molecules.
In AEDs, valproic acid (VPA) mainly targeted the cardiomyocyte differentiation and contractile activity with reduced Cx43 turnover. In NSC the VPA effects were different and it did not inhibit the neuronal differentiation. With carbamazepine (CBZ) the low doses showed no effect on NSC compared to high doses. In ESDC, the contractile activity stops at a 200µM dose with reduced cell viability and proliferation. Cx43 phosphorylation was reduced after CBZ treatment which might have affected the contractile activity. An increase ROS production with CBZ treatment was recorded, which was protected either by the addition of Ascorbic acid (AA) or superoxide dismutase (SOD). The other AEDs, Phenytoin (PHT) and Primidone (PRM), mainly affected the cardiomyocyte contractile activity with some chronic exposure effects. In ADP, bupropion (BPN) severely affects cell proliferation in all systems. The NF-L was not statistically reduced in neurons but Cx43 expression in cardiomyocytes declined which might result in reduced contraction. The other ADP, lithium carbonate showed developmental stage dependent effect on cardiogenesis, where contractile activity ceased completely at higher dose in the ESDC with increased cell proliferation. Lithium mimics the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and also inhibits the PI cycle, effects which were reversed by the addition of myo-inositol in the ESDC system. In NSC the lithium showed no significant inhibitory effects on neural differentiation at and above drug serum therapeutic concentrations. The active constituents of the herbal antidepressant drug St. John’s wort, hypericin and hyperforin, showed synergistic inhibition of contractile activity with reduced proliferation at higher doses in the MM system.
Drug interference at the molecular level during development may induce modification at the gene and protein levels with altered signalling. The tissue specific effects depend on the drug mechanism, while increased oxidative stress in part has a contribution in initiating the embryopathies. By identifying the exact mechanism of toxicity induction, the molecular mechanism can be protected against and thus abnormal development be avoided
The chick cardiomyocyte micromass system and stem cell differentiation along specific pathways : prediction of embryotoxic effects and their mechanism
No full textMalformations in humans at birth have been recorded since ancient times. These malformations are anatomical or physiological anomalies present at the time of birth that may be caused by genetic or environmental factors or a combination of both. The pathogenesis is only known in 10%, of which 1% or less are caused by drugs and medications. Certain disease states, like maternal epilepsy and depression during gestation itself, contribute to abnormal development. Further, this dilemma is augmented by the use of medications during pregnancy. The antiepileptic (AEDs) and antidepressant drugs (ADPs) with a history of producing malformed neonates are mostly classified as moderate teratogens. This study was designed to evaluate teratogenic potential at the cellular and molecular levels of AEDs and ADPs on cardiomyocytes at different stages of development and the neural stem cell derived neurons using in vitro systems.
In the micromass system (MM), five day old embryonic chick cardiomyocytes were cultured to form beating foci, while embryonic stem cell were differentiated into contracting cardiomyocytes (ESDC) using the hanging drop method. In a third in vitro system early chick Neural Stem Cells (NSC) were diverted to a neuronal lineage. Drug toxic effects were estimated on cultured cell viability and protein content. The effects on gap junctions (Cx43) in cardiomyocytes and neurofilament (NF) in NSC were also evaluated because of their important role in cell differentiation and regulation. Oxidative stress, being the potential source of xenobiotic toxicity induction, was also analysed and toxic effects were counteracted using antioxidants and other molecules.
In AEDs, valproic acid (VPA) mainly targeted the cardiomyocyte differentiation and contractile activity with reduced Cx43 turnover. In NSC the VPA effects were different and it did not inhibit the neuronal differentiation. With carbamazepine (CBZ) the low doses showed no effect on NSC compared to high doses. In ESDC, the contractile activity stops at a 200µM dose with reduced cell viability and proliferation. Cx43 phosphorylation was reduced after CBZ treatment which might have affected the contractile activity. An increase ROS production with CBZ treatment was recorded, which was protected either by the addition of Ascorbic acid (AA) or superoxide dismutase (SOD). The other AEDs, Phenytoin (PHT) and Primidone (PRM), mainly affected the cardiomyocyte contractile activity with some chronic exposure effects. In ADP, bupropion (BPN) severely affects cell proliferation in all systems. The NF-L was not statistically reduced in neurons but Cx43 expression in cardiomyocytes declined which might result in reduced contraction. The other ADP, lithium carbonate showed developmental stage dependent effect on cardiogenesis, where contractile activity ceased completely at higher dose in the ESDC with increased cell proliferation. Lithium mimics the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and also inhibits the PI cycle, effects which were reversed by the addition of myo-inositol in the ESDC system. In NSC the lithium showed no significant inhibitory effects on neural differentiation at and above drug serum therapeutic concentrations. The active constituents of the herbal antidepressant drug St. John’s wort, hypericin and hyperforin, showed synergistic inhibition of contractile activity with reduced proliferation at higher doses in the MM system.
Drug interference at the molecular level during development may induce modification at the gene and protein levels with altered signalling. The tissue specific effects depend on the drug mechanism, while increased oxidative stress in part has a contribution in initiating the embryopathies. By identifying the exact mechanism of toxicity induction, the molecular mechanism can be protected against and thus abnormal development be avoided
Role of oral hypoglycemic drugs on inflammatory condition associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full text
Cyclic Voltammetry of Trazodone as [piperazin-1-yl] Antidepressant Drug and Bovine Serum Albumin Binding
No full textThe electrochemical behavior of trazodone (TRZ), 2-{3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl] propyl}-2H,3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-one has been investigated bycyclic voltammerty measurements at glassy carbon working electrode. The voltammetric method includes selection of supporting electrolyte, pH, scan rate and temperature optimization; and measurements of some other basic voltammetric parameters. The TRZ oxidation peaks are decreased as a result of TRZ-BSA binding. TRZ-BSA binding mechanism is also established
Functions of Cilia in Cardiac Development and Disease
No full textErrors in embryonic cardiac development are a leading cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including morphological abnormalities of the heart that are often detected after birth. In the past few decades, an emerging role for cilia in the pathogenesis of CHD has been identified, but this topic still largely remains an unexplored area. Mouse forward genetic screens and whole exome sequencing analysis of CHD patients have identified enrichment for de novo mutations in ciliary genes or non-ciliary genes, which regulate cilia-related pathways, linking cilia function to aberrant cardiac development. Key events in cardiac morphogenesis, including left–right asymmetric development of the heart, are dependent upon cilia function. Cilia dysfunction during left–right axis formation contributes to CHD as evidenced by the substantial proportion of heterotaxy patients displaying complex CHD. Cilia-transduced signaling also regulates later events during heart development such as cardiac valve formation, outflow tract septation, ventricle development, and atrioventricular septa formation. In this review, we summarize the role of motile and non-motile (primary cilia) in cardiac asymmetry establishment and later events during heart development.</p
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