1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Auf dem Weg zu sicheren 4G- und 5G-Zugangsnetzwerkprotokollen
No full textThe security architecture of 2G and 3G mobile networks has been dramatically improved to accommodate 4G (Fourth Generation, a.k.a Long Term Evolution (LTE)) security requirements. As generations evolve, security improvements address previously known vulnerabilities, esp. in terms of user privacy. Thus, there have been substantial efforts to protect user plane traffic by using robust encryption algorithms over the LTE access network. Contrarily, the control plane remains vulnerable despite its security enhancements. Especially, the radio and subscriber management protocols have not evolved for the last two decades in mobile networks. By design, these protocols are allowed to operate without any security measures to minimize overheads in the system. Such design choices made by the standard body Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are justified as a trade-off between conflicting requirements such as security and availability and performance. These justifications remain valid, considering that telecommunication systems have traditionally been proprietary, expensive, and efforts to mount attacks against them were challenging.
Today, the proliferation of inexpensive radio hardware and open-source cellular software has changed the threat landscape in mobile networks. In this context, our research practically investigates the validness of LTE security trade-offs. For this, we develop a low-cost experimental testbed to mount different types of wireless attacks and evaluate their feasibility and impact on commercial LTE devices and networks. We discover several new vulnerabilities in the access network protocols that jeopardize the privacy and availability aspects of the system. We also identify bad security practices in end-user devices and the operator’s infrastructure that catalyze our attacks and further, amplify its consequences.
Our findings indicate that the equilibrium points in the trade-offs have changed today compared to where they were when designing the LTE security architecture. Also, the security margins to protect against trade-off changes being too narrow demonstrates the lack of resilience in LTE networks. Unlike jamming or other types of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, ours are stealthy and remain active on end-user devices for a prolonged period.
To this extent, we responsibly communicated our research findings to the relevant standard bodies, operators, and baseband vendors. We emphasize that the justification for these trade-offs is no longer valid and violates LTE security requirements. Thus, we propose mitigations to restore privacy and availability aspects of the system, and fortunately, they are enforced into 4G and 5G specifications and also into worldwide operational devices and networks. We recommend that safety margins introduced into future specifications should incorporate greater agility and flexibility to maintain a stable trade-off equation.Die Sicherheitsarchitektur von 2G und 3G Mobilfunknetzen wurde stark überarbeitet und verbessert, um den Sicherheitsanforderungen, die an 4G (Fourth Generation, auch bekannt als LTE (Long Term Evolution)) gestellt werden, gerecht zu werden. Mit jeder neuen Generation wurden die Sicherheitsstandards verbessert, um neu bekanntgewordene Sicherheitslücken zu beheben, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Privatsphäre der Nutzer. Es wurden erhebliche Anstrengungen unternommen, um die LTE-Userplane bei der Übertragung im LTE Netz mittels robuster Verschlüsselungsalgorithmen zu schützen. Im Gegensatz hierzu ist die Controlplane, trotz einiger Sicherheitsverbesserungen, weiterhin verwundbar. Insbesondere der Betrieb von Funk- und Abonnentenmanagementprotokollen hat sich für Mobilfunknetzte in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten nicht weiterentwickelt. Diese Protokolle sind ohne notwendige Verschlüsselung konzipiert, um die Systemlast minimal zu halten. Diese Entscheidungen werden durch das Standardorgan 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) getroffen und werden mit einem Kompromiss zwischen den widersprüchlichen Anforderungen der Sicherheit und Verfügbarkeit auf der einen, und der Leistung auf der anderen Seite, begründet. Diese Rechtfertigungen sind weiterhin gerechtfertigt, da Telekommunikationssysteme traditionell proprietär und teuer sind und Angriffe gegen Telekommunikationssysteme eine Herausforderung darstellten.
Heutzutage hat sich angesichts der Verbreitungen günstiger Funk-hardware und Open-Source Mobilfunk Software die Bedrohungslage in Mobilfunknetzen stark verändert. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht unsere Forschung praxisnah die Gültigkeit der Trade-Offs im Design der LTE Sicherheitsarchitektur. Hierzu entwickeln wir eine günstige experimentelle Testumgebung, um verschiedene drahtlose Angriffe durchzuführen und ihre Auswirkung auf kommerzielle Geräte und Netzwerke zu evaluieren. Wir entdecken eine Reihe an bis dato unbekannten Sicherheitslücken in den LTE Zugangsprotokollen, welche die Vertraulichkeit und Verfügbarkeit der Systeme gefährden. Darüber hinaus identifizieren wir sicherheitskritische Praktiken bei Implementierungen für Endbenutzergeräte und in der Infrastruktur der Netzbetreiber, die von Standard Sicherheitsverfahren abweichen und dadurch unsere Attacken beschleunigen und ihre Konsequenzen erhöhen.
Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sich das Gleichgewicht zwischen Sicherheit und Leistung, im Vergleich zu dem Stand, als die LTE Sicherheitsarchitektur entworfen wurde, verschoben hat. Desweiteren stellen sich die Sicherheitsspielräume, die gegen Veränderungen der Trade-Offs schützen sollen, als zu gering heraus. Anders als bei Jamming- und Flooding-basierten Angriffen laufen unsere Angriffe im Generellen unbemerkt ab und können für einen längeren Zeitraum auf dem Endbenutzergerät aktiv bleiben.
Wir haben unsere Forschungsergebnisse verantwortungsbewusst an die relevanten Standardorganisationen, Betreiber und Basisbandanbieter gemeldet. Wir betonen, dass die eingegangenen Kompromisse nicht mehr zu rechtfertigen sind und eine die LTE Sicherheitsanforderungen nicht erfüllen. Wir schlagen daher Maßnahmen vor, um die Aspekte, welche die Vertraulichkeit und Verfügbarkeit des Systems betreffen, wiederherzustellen. Glücklicherweise werden diese Maßnahmen in den 4G und 5G Spezifikationen sowie in den weltweiten Netzen der Betreiber umgesetzt. Wir empfehlen, dass Sicherheitsspielräume, die in künftige Spezifikationen aufgenommen werden, eine größere Agilität beinhalten sollten, um späteren Änderungen des Kompromissgleichgewichts Rechnung zu tragen
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