615 research outputs found
Process control in injection moulding machine
No full textInjection moulding is a method used to convert a polymer feedstock into the a final product. The process require process control technology to provide a workable process process at economic cost and to provide a consistent product within specification. This paper presents an overview of process control in the injection moulding machine
Synthesis and characterization of polymer hydrogel composites based on poly acrylic acid grafted cotton microfiber
No full textThe optimum content of initiator (APS), cross linker (MBA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and oil palm empty fruit bunch micro-fiber (OPEFB), were optimized using central composite design method (CCD). Polymer hydrogel composite (PHGC) and plain polymer hydrogel (PHG) were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of OPEFB on biodegradation of PHG was studied
Video interview with author and manuscript owner Professor Sa’adiya Omar
No full textFieldwork Team: Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi (Principal Investigator), Hauwa Usman (Local Project Manager), Alhaji Abubakar Maikudi Aishat (General Field Facilitator). Technical Team: Prof. Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center), and Eleni Castrol (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). These collections on Gender in Nigerian Ajami Manuscripts are copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. All rights reserved to the author. For use, distribution or reproduction contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Required Citation: Kurfi, M. H., Hauwa U., Ngom, F., and Castro, E. (2020). African Ajami Library: Gender in Nigerian Ajami Manuscripts. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/41953. For Inquiries: Please Contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Video interview with author and manuscript owner Professor Sa’adiya Omar. Professor Sa’adiya Omar, the most celebrated author of women in the Sokoto Caliphate of Northern Nigeria. Professor Sa’adiya currently occupies the position of Nana Asma’u and Modibbo Kilo, the leaders of the Yantaru movement, i.e. Uwartaru (the Mother of the Yantaru). Equally, she had served as the National Amirah (President) of the largest Muslim umbrella organization in Nigeria – Federation of Muslim Women’s Associations in Nigeria (FOMWAN). As at the present, she serves in many capacities and is a member of various Islamic committees in Sokoto state and in Nigeria in general
STUDI PEMIKIRAN MUSTAFA AKYOL DAN HASHIM KAMALI TERHADAP PENERAPAN SANKSI APOSTASI: ANALISIS HERMENEUTIKA NEGOSIATIF
No full textThe death penalty for people who left from Islam is contrary to religious freedom. Human rights, which is the dominant discourse today, calls for a re-reading of the death penalty. The implication, there are many scholars who re-think the punishment of apostasy. Among them are Mustafa Akyol and Hashim Kamali who goes into this line. If the first name lives in the middle of a society where Muslims are a minority (America), then it is different from the last name. Hashim Kamali disseminated his ideas in Malaysia, one of the countries adhering to classical Islamic traditions. The fundamental question in this study is how the sanctions of apostasy are discussed again by the two thinkers.
This type of research is qualitative with future data on a library study (library research). These research data are derived from the representative works of Mustafa Akyol and Hashim Kamali on the subject of apostasy. Furthermore, the findings of their thinking are studied through the framework of negotiative hermeneutic theory. This theory was initiated by Khaled Abou El Fadl who pointed to the negotiations between the three entities, the author, the text and the reader. There are three key variables in discussing the thinking of Mustafa Akyol and Hashim Kamali. From texts and authority, the discourse of authoritarianism to the anatomy of the discourses of authority. Based on that, the approach taken here is socio-legal.
The first conclusion both Mustafa Akyol and Hashim Kamali have rejected the death penalty for apostasy. Second conclusion is using three variables when being analyzed by negotiative hermeneutic. In text and authority is able to be seen how a text is formed and its relationship with the social reality that surrounds it. The differences between the public who became the audience of them necessitate the differences in steps in the re-reading of this topic. On the discourse of authoritarianism can be reviewed the formation of non-authoritarian law by placing it as an entity that is constantly changing. Besides meeting the five prerequisites set by the hermeneutics of negotiations. In the anatomy of authoritarian discourse, there are three things that are discussed: consistency, a selective attitude to signs to the balance of interests and rationality. These two thinkers consistently use their respective steps in this topic. While Mustafa Akyol is selective to the sign, unlike Hashim Kamali. Despite this, they met at the same point with the conclusion that there is no death penalty for apostate perpetrators. This discussion is based on the success of both merging the importance of preserving religion and protecting human rights
Drop mixing in suspension polymerisation
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN050601 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Swelling behaviors and characterization of oil palm empty fruit bunch-graft-poly (Acrylamide) superabsorbent polymer composites
No full textThe development on a class of technologically advanced materials like superabsorbent polymer composites (SAPC) involved multidisciplinary research started when its potential is recognized. Oil palm empty fruit bunch-graft-poly (acrylamide) (OPEFB-g-PAAm) SAPC was synthesized via simultaneous crosslinking and graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) monomer onto OPEFB backbone with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulphate (APS) acts as crosslinker and initiator, respectively, along with neutralization using solution polymerization method. Systematically, variables that affect the swelling behaviors of OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC were optimized. The effects of initiator, crosslinker and filler concentration as well as solvent quantity and the degree of neutralization on water absorbency of OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC were studied. Maximum absorbency of OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC was achieved at 589.06 g/g when the amount of APS and MBA were 1.5 wt.% and 0.15 wt.%, respectively, and the OPEFB loading was at 10 wt.%. The optimum amount of solvent used was 15 mL and the degree of neutralization was 20%. The chemical structure of the OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A mechanism pathway in synthesizing OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC was suggeste
Drop mixing in suspension polymerisation
No full textSuspension polymerisation is one of the major processes used to produce
polymers. In this process, monomer is suspended as liquid droplets in a continuous
water phase by mean of strong agitation and the presence of a suspending agent. As
the suspension polymerisation proceeds, the viscosity of a monomer–polymer droplet
increases with conversion. Hence, the physical behaviour of the droplet changes
during the process. When new dispersible material is added to the existing suspension
drops, the new material and existing drops can remain segregated for significant
amounts of time. This will affect the properties of polymer products.
The aim of this project was to study the behaviour of drop mixing when new material
is added to the existing suspension polymerisation. This study concentrated on the
effect of the dispersed phase viscosity on the drop mixing, but agitation intensity and
surface stabilities were also important. [Continues.
Effect of Different Monomers on Water Retention Properties of Slow Release Fertilizer Hydrogel
No full textAbstractThe combination of hydrogel and fertilizer as slow release fertilizer hydrogel (SRFH) has become one of the promising materials to overcome the shortcomings of conventional fertilizer by decreasing fertilizer loss rate, supplying nutrients sustainably, and lowering frequency of irrigation. A comparative study on water retention and plant growth performances of SRFH made from three hydrophilic monomers; acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm) and AA-co-AAm was executed. PAA SRFH has smaller swelling rate constant, k as it required only 166.67minutes to absorb 0.63 of its equilibrium capacity of swelling, followed by P(AA-co-AAm) SRFH and PAAm SRFH. Although PAAm SRFH has the lowest swelling rate constant, it has the most excellent water retention ability in soil followed by P(AA-co-AAm) SRFH. Additionally, the presence of PAA SRFH in soil has enhanced the plant growth performances of model plant (capsicum annum) in term of its average leaf width and plant height. The synergistic effects of acrylic acid and acrylamide in P(AA-co-AAm) SRFH could be utilized to produce hydrogel used in agriculture
Asessing the effect of emulsion viscosity on the adesive properties of model waterbone acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives
No full textIn recent years, increasing social and political awareness, coupled with the tightening of worldwide environmental legislation, has forced coating industries to decrease levels of pollutant substances released to the atmosphere. Solvents from the coatings industry are considered to be volatile organic substances. For this reason there is an increasing tendency to move away from conventional solvent-borne coatings to those that use water as the fluid vehicle [1]. One of the more important film-forming pigment binders used in water borne coatings is that class of resins known as acrylics. Acrylic polymers are widely used as pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, one the dispersed phase, existing as discrete droplets dispersed throughout the other, the continuous phase. In the case of emulsion polymerization the continuous phase is comprised mainly of water and is therefore termed the aqueous phase. Emulsion polymer is actually a dispersion of solids, or semi-solids, polymer particles in a continuous aqueous phase. Acrylic polymer emulsions give excellent weather resistance, water and alkali resistant films due to the main polymer chain’s carbon-carbon bonds. However, the elasticity and abrasion resistance of acrylic polymer emulsions are inferior [2]. It has long been recognized that the reaction pathway in emulsion. Polymerization plays a decisive role in determining the particle morphology and consequently the emulsion polymers properties. Zhao and his co workers carried out a study of structured polymer latex particles which were prepared by a swelling emulsion polymerization process, in which the initial particles are first swollen by ethylenically unsaturated monomers and the polymerization of the latter is then carried out [3]. Latex particle size distribution (PSD) is probably the most important variable in designing low viscosity, concentrated aqueous polymer dispersions. Asua and colleagues prepared the adhesive and rheological properties of model acrylic pressuresensitive adhesives (PSA) films prepared from high solid emulsions with different particles sizes and distributions have been investigated with a customized probe tack apparatus. The results showed that a broad PSD is favored over a narrow a PSD and that the present of large particles is recommended [4]. The molecular weight directly influences the final viscosity of the resins. The viscosity of the polymer is further strongly influenced by the rigidity of the sequences. At identical molecular weights and at equal concentrations, a solution of polymethyl methacrylate for example will be much more viscous than a solution of polybutyl acrylate. Another factor strongly influencing viscosity is the formation of associations. In non-polar solvents, the carboxyl groups have a strong tendency to form associations between one another via hydrogen bonding. These hydrogen bonds markedly increase the viscosity. The degree of polymerization is proportional to the concentration of monomers and inversely proportional to the initiator concentration. As a general rule, the lower the concentration of monomer, the lower the molecular weight of the polymer. The higher concentration of initiator, the lower the final molecular weight obtained [5]
Quality enhancement of plastics recycled by incorporating lubricant additives.
No full textThis paper discusses the method to enhance the quality of recycled plastics. The material used is High Density Polyethlylene (HDPE) by incorporating Calcium Stearate as an additive. Results obtained suggested that the lubricant additive has improved the physical property of the recycled plastics. Detailed discussion of the study is available in the attached article
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