23 research outputs found
The Foundation of Edition II of the Land Administration Domain Model
No full textA new edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is under further development in ISO/TC 211 on Geographic Information. The Committee is developing this new edition of the LADM – as multipart – working titles are as follows: Part 1 – Fundamentals Part 2 – Land Registration Part 3 – Marine Space Georegulation Part 4 – Valuation Information Part 5 – Spatial Plan Information Part 6 – Implementations The decision to publish LADM Edition II as multipart had as a consequence that a New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) and a Working Draft (WD) have to be formulated for each Part. In 2020, the NWIP/WD have been submitted to ISO/TC 211 for Part 1 by Standards Australia (SA) with input from the author team on behalf of the FIG. The result of the voting was positive. Comments have been submitted, which will be processed and used in the next stage of the standard: the Committee Draft. It is planned that FIG will submit the NWIP for Part 2 before summer 2021. And it is expected that the same will happen this year for Parts 4 and 5. Those submissions are expected to be in close cooperation with other international professional organisations (i.e. IHO, RICS, OGC, etc.). The editors of the LADM Edition II have the intention to publish papers on the developments on a regular basis. It is important to remember that these are ongoing developments with undergoing changes and may change at the time of the voting rounds. However, the main concepts and development will be communicated to the reader. This paper will focus on the developments and related discussions for Part 1 of the LADM Edition II. This part provides the definitions, a general overview of the model in its individual packages and a more detailed overview of the LA_Source (with a backwards compatible integrated administrative and spatial source added) and VersionedObject (now with standardized support for the bi-temporal model with intervals for both system and real world times) classes
The Foundation of Edition II of the Land Administration Domain Model
Get PDFA new edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is under further development in ISO/TC 211 on Geographic Information. The Committee is developing this new edition of the LADM – as multipart – working titles are as follows:Part 1 – FundamentalsPart 2 – Land RegistrationPart 3 – Marine Space GeoregulationPart 4 – Valuation InformationPart 5 – Spatial Plan InformationPart 6 – ImplementationsThe decision to publish LADM Edition II as multipart had as a consequence that a New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) and a Working Draft (WD) have to be formulated for each Part. In 2020, the NWIP/WD have been submitted to ISO/TC 211 for Part 1 by Standards Australia (SA) with input from the author team on behalf of the FIG. The result of the voting was positive.Comments have been submitted, which will be processed and used in the next stage of the standard: the Committee Draft. It is planned that FIG will submit the NWIP for Part 2 before summer 2021. And it is expected that the same will happen this year for Parts 4 and 5. Those submissions are expected to be in close cooperation with other international professional organisations (i.e. IHO, RICS, OGC, etc.).The editors of the LADM Edition II have the intention to publish papers on the developments on a regular basis. It is important to remember that these are ongoing developments with undergoing changes and may change at the time of the voting rounds. However, the main concepts and development will be communicated to the reader. This paper will focus on the developments and related discussions for Part 1 of the LADM Edition II. This part provides the definitions, a general overview of the model in its individual packages and a more detailed overview of the LA_Source (with a backwards compatible integrated administrative and spatial source added) and VersionedObject (now with standardized support for the bi-temporal model with intervals for both system and real world times) classes
A Comprehensive Study of Chronic Diabetes Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat
Get PDFBackground: The purpose of this study was to provide a reference of chronic diabetes complications by investigating the prolonged hyperglycemia effects on hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes (liver, kidney, spleen, cardiac muscle, adrenal gland, and endocrine pancreas) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Methods: Ten adult female Sprague-Dawley of uniform age were divided into two Groups. Group 1 was made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg/bw) whereas Group 2 served as control. After six months, the rats were anaesthetized using pentobarbital. Cardiac puncture was performed to get 3 ml of the blood sample; following 12 hours of an overnight fast. Serum chemistry test and complete blood analysis for lipid profile and blood glucose test; liver and renal functions were performed. Tissue specimens of liver, kidney, spleen, cardiac muscle, adrenal gland, and endocrine pancreas were fixed in 10% formal saline and processed for histological study. Results: There were severe histopathological changes in the affected organs; and the presence of a significant abnormality of lipid profile, liver, and renal functions. Conclusions: The presence of histopathological changes with abnormal biochemical changes is related to the chronic absence of insulin production in the destroyed β-cells which reflect the diabetic complications in a human being
Design of the new structure and capabilities of LADM edition II including 3D aspects
Get PDFThe decision to refine the existing content and to extend the scope of Edition I of the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is a response to requests from the international Land Administration (LA) community. This response has to be formally organised in accordance with ISO guidelines. This begins with gathering feedback from ISO/TC 211 Member States on the need for updated and enhanced capabilities of the LADM. In addition, several proposals have been made to extend the scope of the LADM Edition I. After analysing the feedback received, it was proposed to develop the LADM Edition II as a multi-part standard: Part 1 — Generic conceptual model, Part 2 — Land registration, Part 3 — Marine georegulation, Part 4 — Valuation information, Part 5 — Spatial plan information and Part 6 — Implementation aspects. In other words, Edition I focuses on land tenure, while the design and development of Edition II is based on the inclusion of rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) concerning marine georegulation, valuation information, spatial plan information as well as LADM implementation. 3D representations are relevant for all parts.This paper focuses on the design of the new structure of the second edition of the LADM and on the (operational) capabilities of this new edition in relation to the LA issues in Parts (standards addressing a specific part of the scope) and Packages (groups of conceptually close classes), with a particular attention to the requirements and design related decisions taken in the revision process. The parts 1, 2, 4 and 5 are the parts in which the authors are currently involved. Part 1 will be a high-level umbrella standard; Part 2 is largely based on LADM Edition I and focuses on land registration, with an enhanced support on the surveying functionality, including new subclasses of spatial unit, and extended 3D spatial profiles. Part 3 harmonises the description of RRRs and aligns land concepts with marine aspects from the marine domain based on the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) S121 Maritime Limits and Boundaries Product Specification. Part 4 deals with valuation information used and produced in the context of land administration, while Part 5 deals with spatial planning information and includes the planned use of the land (zoning), resulting in RRRs. Lastly, Part 6 is planned to be about implementation of the LADM and will be developed in close collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Towards the Netherlands LADM Valuation Information Model Country Profile
Get PDFIn this paper, an overview of property valuation system and practices in the Netherlands are described within the context of LADM Valuation Information Model. The paper also includes the development of the Netherlands Country Profile of LADM Valuation Information Model. A collaborative research initiative has proposed an international valuation information model that extends the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) for specifying semantics of valuation registries maintained by public authorities. The proposed model was created based on the specifications of international standards; literature survey and data acquired from questionnaires responded by the national delegates of FIG Commission 9 and FIG Commission 7. Recently, the model has been updated according to the outputs of the seventh LADM Workshop, information gained from personal communications, and the results of previous tests and assessments. It has been decided that the model should be evaluated with new country profiles and prototype systems. This paper firstly examines the public property valuation system and practices in the Netherlands in terms of property valuation legislation, WOZ-value (the official assessed value), the usage areas of the WOZ-value, valuation approaches, revaluation, indexing and dissemination of the WOZ-values. Secondly, the required data sets for property valuation and their data sources are identified considering the related legislation and the System of Key Registers in the Netherlands. The obtained information is used to develop the Netherlands Country Profile of the LADM Valuation Information Model. It is noted that the country profile covers transaction prices used in valuation procedures, parties involved in valuation practices, and market analysis information. It is proved that LADM Valuation Information Model provides a decent basis to represent property valuation system in the Netherlands. The results of the study will be used to evaluate LADM Valuation Information Model and input will be provided to LADM v2.0 revision within ISO TC 211 and OGC
First-Principles Investigations on Europium Monoxide
No full textEuropium monoxide is both an insulator and a Heisenberg ferromagnet (Tc=69 K).
In the present thesis, the author has investigated the electronic structure of different
types of EuO by density functional theory. The on-site Coulomb interaction of the
localized Eu 4f and 5d electrons, which is wrongly treated in the standard generalized
gradient approximation method, is found to be crucial to obtain the correct insulating
ground state as observed in experiments. Our results show that the ferromagnetism
is stable under pressure, both hydrostatic and uniaxial. For both types of pressure
an insulator-metal transition is demonstrated. Moreover, the experimentally observed
insulator-metal transition in oxygen deficient and gadolinium-doped EuO is reproduced
in our calculations for impurity concentrations of 6.25% and 25%. Furthermore, a 10-
layer EuO thin film is theoretically predicted to be an insulator with a narrow band gap
of around 0.08 eV, while the Si/EuO interface shows metallic properties with the Si and
O 2p as well as Eu 5d bands crossing the Fermi level
A systematic review of evidence on malignant spinal metastases : natural history and technologies for identifying patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and spinal cord compression
Get PDFBackground: Spinal metastases can lead to significant morbidity and reduction in quality of life due to spinal cord compression (SCC). Between 5% and 20% of patients with spinal metastases develop metastatic spinal cord compression during the course of their disease. An early study estimated average survival for patients with SCC to be between 3 and 7 months, with a 36% probability of survival to 12 months. An understanding of the natural history and early diagnosis of spinal metastases and prediction of collapse of the metastatic vertebrae are important.
Objective: To undertake a systematic review to examine the natural history of metastatic spinal lesions and to identify patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and SCC.
Data sources: The search strategy covered the concepts of metastasis, the spine and adults. Searches were undertaken from inception to June 2011 in 13 electronic databases [MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; EMBASE; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), HTA databases (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination); Science Citation Index and Conference Proceedings (Web of Science); UK Clinical Research Network (UKCRN) Portfolio Database; Current Controlled Trials; ClinicalTrials.gov].
Review methods: Titles and abstracts of retrieved studies were assessed by two reviewers independently. Disagreement was resolved by consensus agreement. Full data were extracted independently by one reviewer. All included studies were reviewed by a second researcher with disagreements resolved by discussion. A quality assessment instrument was used to assess bias in six domains: study population, attrition, prognostic factor measurement, outcome measurement, confounding measurement and account, and analysis. Data were tabulated and discussed in a narrative review. Each tumour type was looked at separately.
Results: In all, 2425 potentially relevant articles were identified, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria. No study examined natural history alone. Seventeen studies reported retrospective data, 10 were prospective studies, and three were other study designs. There was one systematic review. There were no randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Approximately 5782 participants were included. Sample sizes ranged from 41 to 859. The age of participants ranged between 7 and 92 years. Types of cancers reported on were lung alone (n= 3), prostate alone (n= 6), breast alone (n= 7), mixed cancers (n= 13) and unclear (n= 1). A total of 93 prognostic factors were identified as potentially significant in predicting risk of SCC or collapse. Overall findings indicated that the more spinal metastases present and the longer a patient was at risk, the greater the reported likelihood of development of SCC and collapse. There was an increased risk of developing SCC if a cancer had already spread to the bones. In the prostate cancer studies, tumour grade, metastatic load and time on hormone therapy were associated with increased risk of SCC. In one study, risk of SCC before death was 24%, and 2.37 times greater with a Gleason score 7 than with a score of < 7 (p= 0.003). Other research found that patients with six or more bone lesions were at greater risk of SCC than those with fewer than six lesions [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.012 to 8.35, p= 0.047]. For breast cancer patients who received a computerised tomography (CT) scan for suspected SCC, multiple logistic regression in one study identified four independent variables predictive of a positive test: bone metastases 2 years (OR 3.0 95% CI 1.2 to 7.6; p= 0.02); metastatic disease at initial diagnosis (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 11.4; p= 0.05); objective weakness (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 9.5; p= 0.005); and vertebral compression fracture on spine radiograph (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.5; p= 0.05). A further study on mixed cancers, among patients who received surgery for SCC, reported that vertebral body compression fractures were associated with presurgery chemotherapy (OR 2.283, 95% CI 1.064 to 4.898; p= 0.03), cancer type [primary breast cancer (OR 4.179, 95% CI 1.457 to 11.983; p= 0.008)], thoracic involvement (OR 3.505, 95% CI 1.343 to 9.143; p= 0.01) and anterior cord compression (OR 3.213, 95% CI 1.416 to 7.293; p= 0.005).
Limitations: Many of the included studies provided limited information about patient populations and selection criteria and they varied in methodological quality, rigour and transparency. Several studies identified type of cancer (e.g. breast, lung or prostate cancer) as a significant factor in predicting SCC, but it remains difficult to determine the risk differential partly because of residual bias. Consideration of quantitative results from the studies does not easily allow generation of a coherent numerical summary, studies were heterogeneous especially with regard to population, results were not consistent between studies, and study results almost universally lacked corroboration from other independent studies.
Conclusion: No studies were found which examined natural history. Overall burden of metastatic disease, confirmed metastatic bone involvement and immediate symptomatology suggestive of spinal column involvement are already well known as factors for metastatic SCC, vertebral collapse or progression of vertebral collapse. Although we identified a large number of additional possible prognostic factors, those which currently offer the most potential are unclear. Current clinical consensus favours magnetic resonance imaging and CT imaging modalities for the investigation of SCC and vertebral fracture. Future research should concentrate on: (1) prospective randomised designs to establish clinical and quality-of-life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of identification and treatment of patients at high risk of vertebral collapse and SCC; (2) Service Delivery and Organisation research on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and scanning (in tandem with research studies on use of MRI to monitor progression) in order to understand best methods for maximising use of MRI scanners; and (3) investigation of prognostic algorithms to calculate probability of a specified event using high-quality prospective studies, involving defined populations, randomly selected and clearly identified samples, and with blinding of investigators
Impact of period and timescale of FDDA analysis nudging on the numerical simulation of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal
No full textIn this study, the impact of four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) analysis nudging is examined on the prediction of tropical cyclones (TC) in the Bay of Bengal to determine the optimum period and timescale of nudging. Six TCs (SIDR: November 13–16, 2007; NARGIS: April 29–May 02, 2008; NISHA: November 25–28, 2008; AILA: May 23–26, 2009; LAILA: May 18–21, 2010; JAL: November 04–07, 2010) were simulated with a doubly nested Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a horizontal resolution of 9 km in the inner domain. In the control run for each cyclone, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis and forecasts at 0.5_ resolution are used for initial and boundary conditions. In the FDDA experiments available surface, upper air observations obtained from NCEP Atmospheric Data Project (ADP) data sets were used for assimilation after merging with the first guess through objective analysis procedure. Analysis nudging experiments with different nudging periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) indicated a period of 18 or 24 h of nudging during the pre-forecast stage provides maximum impact on simulations in terms of minimum track and intensity forecasts. To determine the optimum timescale of nudging, two cyclone cases (NARGIS: April 28–May 02, 2008; NISHA: November 25–28, 2008) were simulated varying the inverse timescales as 1.0e-4 to 5.0e-4 s−1 in steps of 1.0e-4 s−1. A positive impact of assimilation is found on the simulated characteristics with a nudging coefficient of either 3.0e-4 or 4.0e-4 s−1 which corresponds to a timescale of about 1 h for nudging dynamic (u,v) and thermodynamical (t,q) fields.Authors sincerely thank Dr. Satyamurty Director, EIRSG, Dr. B. Venkatrman, AD, RSEG and Dr. R. Baskaran Head, RIAS for their encouragement and support in carrying out the study. The first author acknowledges the Space Applications Centre, Ahmadabad for the award of the Junior Research Fellowship under MeghaTropiques-Utilization Project under which this research was carried out. The WRF-ARW model was obtained from NCAR. The NCEP GFS analysis and forecasts were downloaded from NCEP. The QSCAT data were obtained from NASA. The prepbufr surface upper air observations are taken from the online archives of NCAR. Authors thank the anonymous reviewers for critical reviews and valuable comments, which helped to improve the manuscript
Corrigendum to “Carbon capture technologies for climate change mitigation: A bibliometric analysis of the scientific discourse during 1998–2018” [Energy Reports 6 (2020) 1200-1212]
No full textThe authors regret to report that there were errors in the published article. The errors appeared in abstract, results and discussion (subheadings 3.2 and 3.5) and in the conclusion. In results and discussion under subheading 3.2 (countries/region participation), the publication details of U.K. were mistakenly split into four namely, England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland with each constituent analysed as a country. This significantly affected the productivity of U.K. In results and discussion under subheading 3.5 (Participating authors), the errors were due to arrangements and abbreviations of authors names retrieved from the Web of Science. The corrections made are given below. Abstract, line 9–11 With these motivating factors, 49 countries engaged in carbon capture technologies and related research in which the United Kingdom had the most research output followed by the United States, and China. Results and discussion 3.2 Countries/regions participation, first paragraph: A total of 49 countries were involved in research related to CCT all over the world. Among these countries, only 24 countries have a minimum of 10 publications (see Fig. 4) with most publications on post-combustion capture followed by pre-combustion capture (see Table 1). Oxy-fuel combustion had the least number of publication. In terms of total number of publications (TP), the U.K. topped the table (total publications 171) followed by the U.S.A. (total publications of 146) and China (total publications 120). The research output suggested that these countries were leading the research on carbon capture and storage for greenhouse gas emissions abatement. This was not unexpected since the U.S.A. and China are the top two emitters of CO2 worldwide (“Climate change report card: These countries are reaching targets”, 2019) and the campaign for net-zero emission has been intensified in the U.K. in recent times. Conversely, the countries with the least publications on CCT related research were Bangladesh, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Tunisia, Turkey and Vietnam with only one publication each. In terms of total number of citations (TC), the U.S.A. had the highest citations. The top ten countries in order of citation were the U.S.A. (4416 citations) > U.K. (3607 citations) > Germany (2505 citations) > Netherlands (1971 citations) > Norway (1911 citations) > Australia (1888 citations) > China (1876 citations) > France (1795 citations) > Canada (1367 citations) > Spain (1161 citations). Continentally, Europe was the most active continent (53.86% of the total publications) and the second highest percentage came from Asia (20.68%), while Africa and South America were the least active continents (0.68% publications) (see Fig. 5). 3.5 Participating Authors 3.5.1 Co-authorship of authors, first paragraph An author's number of publications and citations are an indication of experts in a given field as well as the visibility of their research output. Among the authors retrieved, Paul Feron affiliated with CSIRO was the most published author (33 publications) followed by Meihong Wang affiliated with the University of Sheffield (28 publications), Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul affiliated with the University of Regina (21 publications), Eric Favre affiliated with University of Lorraine (20 publications), Raphael Idem affiliated with University of Regina (20 publications) and Mathieu Lucquiaud affiliated with the University of Edinburgh (20 publications) (see Fig. 9). Interestingly, Jeffrey R. Long affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley and with only 4 publications was the most cited author (1151 citations) followed by Meihong Wang (1096 citations), Praveen Linga affiliated with the National University of Singapore (936 citations), Adekola Lawal affiliated with the Process System Enterprise (907 citations), Zoey R. Herm affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley (840 citations) and Rajamani Krishna affiliated with the University of Amsterdam (840 citations). It is worth noting that the authors Richard Baker, Haiqing Lin, Tim C. Merkel and Xiaotong Wei affiliated with Membrane Technology and Research (MTR), Inc. who had only one topical publication received 680 citations each. Conclusions and future outlook In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on CCT related research in the past 20 years (1998–2018) in order to show the status and trends in the application of the three main technologies, namely pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxy-fuel combustion. The findings from this work include the following: • A total of 1020 publications including articles and proceedings papers with the keywords “post-combustion”, “pre-combustion” and “oxy-fuel combustion” were retrieved from WoS database for the period 1998 to 2018. • 49 countries actively participated in CCT related research where the United Kingdom was the most productive country followed by the United States, and China based on criteria for number of publications and citations. • In terms of continents, Europe had the greatest productivity, followed by Asia. The least productive continents were South America and Africa. • CSIRO was the most active institution (based on number of publications) while SINTEF was the most cited institution. • A total of 202 journals participated in the publications of the articles and proceedings papers considered in this study. Among these journals, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control has the greatest productivity in terms of both number of publication and citations. The high productivity by International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control was ascribed to its more specialised aim of publishing work relating to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change mitigation via carbon dioxide capture, transport and storage as compared to other journals that are majorly multidisciplinary. • Paul Feron was the most productive author in terms of publication, followed by Meihong Wang. In terms of citation number, Jeffrey R. Long was the most influential author followed by Meihong Wang, and Praveen Linga. • Post-combustion capture was the most covered CCT with over 80.9% of the 1020 publications retrieved, whilst oxy-fuel combustion was the least covered with 3.4% of the total publications. The authors would like to apologise for errors that appeared in the published article and for any inconvenience caused. The authors also appreciate the opportunity to correct the scientific record.</p
Features of Structure, Magnetic Sstate and Electrodynamic Performance of SrFe12−xInxO19
Get PDFIndium-substituted strontium hexaferrites were prepared by the conventional solid-phase reaction method. Neutron diffraction patterns were obtained at room temperature and analyzed using the Rietveld methods. A linear dependence of the unit cell parameters is found. In3+ cations are located mainly in octahedral positions of 4fVI and 12 k. The average crystallite size varies within 0.84–0.65 μm. With increasing substitution, the TC Curie temperature decreases monotonically down to ~ 520 K. ZFC and FC measurements showed a frustrated state. Upon substitution, the average and maximum sizes of ferrimagnetic clusters change in the opposite direction. The Mr remanent magnetization decreases down to ~ 20.2 emu/g at room temperature. The Ms spontaneous magnetization and the keff effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant are determined. With increasing substitution, the maximum of the ε/ real part of permittivity decreases in magnitude from ~ 3.3 to ~ 1.9 and shifts towards low frequencies from ~ 45.5 GHz to ~ 37.4 GHz. The maximum of the tg(α) dielectric loss tangent decreases from ~ 1.0 to ~ 0.7 and shifts towards low frequencies from ~ 40.6 GHz to ~ 37.3 GHz. The low-frequency maximum of the μ/ real part of permeability decreases from ~ 1.8 to ~ 0.9 and slightly shifts towards high frequencies up to ~ 34.7 GHz. The maximum of the tg(δ) magnetic loss tangent decreases from ~ 0.7 to ~ 0.5 and shifts slightly towards low frequencies from ~ 40.5 GHz to ~ 37.7 GHz. The discussion of microwave properties is based on the saturation magnetization, natural ferromagnetic resonance and dielectric polarization types. © 2021, The Author(s).Investigations were performed under financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (Agreement No. 19-19-00694 of 06 May 2019)
