1,721,025 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Constitutive Syk Activity Deregulates Cell Signaling and Hematopoiesis
Get PDFNon-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Syk mediates signal transduction pathways downstream of immunoreceptors, integrins, and C-type lectins and is expressed in immune cells. Overexpression and aberrant activation of Syk is observed in numerous hematopoietic malignancies and autoimmunity. These studies examined whether constitutively active versions of Syk lead to deregulated signaling, aberrant function in hematopoietic cells, and generation of hematological malignancies. A previously characterized fusion protein TEL-Syk was analyzed for constitutive activity, hypersensitivity toward low-dose cytokine stimulation and generation of a myeproliferative neoplastic disease. TEL-Syk expressing fetal liver hematopoietic cells led to constitutive activation, induced myeloid expansion/dysmyelopoiesis and dyserythropoiesis, myelofibrosis, elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines and JAK2-independent phosphorylation of STAT5. Therefore TEL-Syk causes a pre-leukemic myeloid disorder rather than a lymphoid leukemia as previously published. We further examined whether Y(342, 346)A mutations within interdomain B of Syk lead to constitutive activation and deregulated signaling. Expression of Syk Y(342, 346)A in 293T cells led to constitutive phosphorylation of NTAL and other tyrosine containing targets, but demonstrated reduced autophosphorylation. Primary macrophages expressing Syk Y(342, 346)A phagocytosed IgG-opsonized SRBCs normally, but failed to mobilize calcium or transform Ba/F3 cells. Lastly, to address whether disruption in auto-regulatory motifs in Syk led to constitutive activation, we generated an allelic series within Syk, then determined the ability of these mutants to phosphorylate the downstream adaptor NTAL following co-expression in 293T cells. Although Syk mutants enhanced overall tyrosine phosphorylation, only Syk mutants W135A and Q149A increased autophosphorylation. Furthermore, DT-40 B-cells expressing these Syk mutants demonstrated a hypomorphic calcium mobilization response after BCR cross-linking as compared to cells expressing a wild-type Syk, suggesting that other regulatory mechanism may compensate for constitutive Syk activation. We also found that all Syk mutants did not transform Ba/F3 in the absence of IL-3 as compared to TEL-Syk. Our data demonstrates that TEL-Syk is a potent oncogene that drives a myeloproliferative neoplasm with robust myelofibrosis, and disruption of auto-regulatory motifs in Syk lead to constitutive NTAL and tyrosine phosphorylation. These studies provide a system to study deregulated Syk signaling in hematopoietic malignancies and additional evidence to target the kinase domain to treat human leukemias
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Mechanisms of Action of Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Get PDFOncogene addiction refers to a cancer cell's reliance upon the continued activity of a particular oncogene for survival. This concept has been validated by the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm initiated by a single chromosomal translocation event, resulting in the formation and expression of the BCR–ABL fusion gene and protein. TKI therapy results in the inhibition of BCR–ABL tyrosine kinase activity and induces durable responses in the majority of chronic phase CML patients. Here, we have sought to investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the exquisite sensitivity of CML cells to TKI therapy. Using an isogenic system and patient–derived CML cell lines we have discovered that BCR–ABL–dependent negative feedback is responsible for the attenuation of growth factor–receptor signaling in CML cells. Furthermore, we have found that BCR–ABL–dependent negative feedback persists for an extended period of time following the initiation of dasatinib or imatinib treatment, during which CML cells commit to apoptosis. Experiments performed using a selective MEK inhibitor revealed BCR–ABL–mediated negative feedback to be largely MEK–dependent. This work has also validated the importance of the RAS, STAT5A/B, and S6 signaling pathways in BCR–ABL–mediated oncogene addiction. Additional studies investigating the mechanism of apoptosis in CML cells treated transiently with potent concentrations of BCR–ABL inhibitors revealed that intracellular accumulation of the BCR–ABL kinase inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib results in prolonged BCR–ABL kinase inhibition. Finally, in contrast to the BCR–ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the dual ABL/Aurora kinase inhibitors XL228, danusertib, and MK–0457 appear to mediate cytotoxicity through inhibition of the Aurora kinases. We have shown that expression of BCR–ABL in a cell line harboring a drug resistant mutation in Aurora B confers biochemical cross–resistance to dual ABL/Aurora inhibitors. In conclusion, the work presented here provides novel insight into the mechanisms of action BCR–ABL kinase inhibitors in CML by providing a potential explanation for why BCR–ABL–expressing cells are exquisitely sensitive to TKI therapy, proposing a mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of transient kinase inhibitor therapy, and identifying the critical cellular target of clinically active dual ABL/Aurora kinase inhibitors in CML cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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