14 research outputs found
Green Energy Production and Integrated Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using MnCo2O4 Electrode Performance in Microbial Fuel Cell
No full textThe wastewater produced by the pharmaceutical industry is highly organic and toxic. Dual-chambered microbial fuel cells (DMFCs) may represent a sustainable solution to process wastewater while simultaneously recovering its energy content. DMFCs are bio-electrochemical devices that employ microorganisms to transform the chemical energy of organic compounds into electrical energy. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a DMFC with a manganese cobalt oxide-coated activated carbon fiber felt (MnCo2O4-ACFF) electrode to treat pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PW) and exploit its energy content. The proposed technology is experimentally investigated considering the effect of the organic load (OL) on the system performance in terms of organic content removal and electricity production. As per the experimental campaign results, the optimum OL for achieving maximum removal efficiencies for total chemical oxygen demand, soluble oxygen demand, and total suspended solids was found to be 2 g COD/L. At this value of OL, the highest current and power densities of 420 mA/m2 and 348 mW/m2 were obtained. Therefore, based on the outcomes of the experimental campaign, the (MnCo2O4-ACFF) electrode DMFC technique was found to be a sustainable and effective process for the treatment and energy recovery from PW
Chemo-Sonic Pretreatment Approach on Marine Macroalgae for Energy Efficient Biohydrogen Production
No full textThe core objective of this analysis is to implement a combination of alkaline (NaOH) and sonication pretreatment techniques to produce energy-efficient biohydrogen from the marine macroalgae Chaetomorpha antennina. Anaerobic fermentation was implemented in control, sonic solubilization (SS) and sonic alkali solubilization (SAS) pretreatment for 15 days. In control, a biohydrogen production of 40 mL H2/gCOD was obtained. The sonicator intensities varied from 10% to 90% for a period of 1 h during SS pretreatment. About 2650 mg/L SCOD release with a COD solubilization of 21% was obtained at an optimum intensity of 50% in a 30 min duration, in which 119 mL H2/gCOD biohydrogen was produced in the anaerobic fermentation. SAS pretreatment was performed by varying the pH from 8 to 12 with the optimum conditions of SS where a SCOD release of 3400 mg/L, COD solubilization efficiency of 26% and a maximum biohydrogen production of 150 mL H2/gCOD was obtained at a high pH range of 11 in the fermentation. The specific energy required by SS (9000 kJ/kgTS) was comparatively higher than SAS (4500 kJ/kg TS). SAS reduced half of the energy consumption when compared to SS. Overall, SAS pretreatment was found to be energetically favorable in a field application
Statistical Optimization of Chemo Sonic Liquefaction in Macroalgae for Biohydrogen Generation—An Energy-Effective Approach
No full textIn this study, a combined pretreatment method of sonication and alkali (KOH) liquefaction (SAL) was used to increase the production of biohydrogen from macroalgae (Chaetomorpha antennina) in an energy-efficient manner. Sonication liquefaction (SL) was accomplished by varying the sonic intensities from 10% to 70% and the pretreatment time from 5 to 60 min. The ideal liquefaction conditions in SL were determined to be 50% for sonic intensity, and 30 min of pretreatment time which produces liquefied organics (LO) release of 2650 mg/L. By adjusting the pH of the alkali (KOH) from 8 to 12, SAL was carried out under SL optimal conditions. With a liquefaction efficiency of 24.61% and LO release of 3200 mg/L, pH 11 was the best for effective macroalgal liquefaction in SAL. SAL (4500 kJ/kg TS) consumed less ultrasonic specific energy (USE) than SL (9000 kJ/kg TS). More VFA was produced in SAL (2160 mg/L) than SL (1070 mg/L). Compared to SL (120 mL H2/g COD/0.005 moles of H2/g COD), SAL produced the most biohydrogen of 141 mL H2/g COD/0.006 moles of H2/g COD. The combined pretreatment (SAL) increases the LO release, which ultimately results in an additional 15% increment in biohydrogen production compared to the SL, along with 44.4% of energy savings. Overall, SAL was determined to be energy efficient in biohydrogen production
Therapeutic hypothermia for neonates: a bibliometric analysis and visualization research
No full textBackgroundTherapeutic hypothermia is an important treatment for cerebral protection and has a positive effect on neonatal encephalopathy. This study aims to analyze the research hotspots and frontiers of therapeutic hypothermia for neonates through bibliometric analysis and visualization research.MethodsThe articles and reviews on therapeutic hypothermia for neonates were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database on October 18, 2024. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze the countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and author keywords.ResultsA total of 1,199 articles were retrieved from 378 institutions in 75 countries/regions. The annual number of publications and citations showed an upward trend in this field. Massaro, An N. N., and Shankaran. S. were the key authors who had most publications and citations. Pediatric Research was the most popular journal in the field, Pediatrics was the most influential. All the author keywords were divided into 12 clusters, and “hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy,” “therapeutic hypothermia” and “perinatal asphyxia” were high-frequency keywords in this field. Keyword burst shows that “childhood outcome,” “neonatal seizure,” “preterm,” and “risk factors” were important aspects of research in recent years.ConclusionThe present study is the first to apply bibliometric analysis to explore therapeutic hypothermia for neonates, aiming to identify research hotspots and frontiers in this field. In recent years, research on therapeutic hypothermia for neonates has rapidly increased, with therapeutic hypothermia for perinatal asphyxia neonates being a research hotspot. To improve the neurological prognosis of neonates, more researches focused on how to expand the benefits of the neonatal population and enhance neuroprotective effects. It may provide future research directions for neonatal experts
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of brain injury after moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: a prospective multicentre cohort study
No full textCopyright \ua9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. BACKGROUND: In neonatal encephalopathy, the clinical manifestations of injury can only be reliably assessed several years after an intervention, complicating early prognostication and rendering trials of promising neuroprotectants slow and expensive. We aimed to determine the accuracy of thalamic proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers as early predictors of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities observed years after neonatal encephalopathy. METHODS: We did a prospective multicentre cohort study across eight neonatal intensive care units in the UK and USA, recruiting term and near-term neonates who received therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy. We excluded infants with life-threatening congenital malformations, syndromic disorders, neurometabolic diseases, or any alternative diagnoses for encephalopathy that were apparent within 6 h of birth. We obtained T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI and thalamic proton MRS 4-14 days after birth. Clinical neurodevelopmental tests were done 18-24 months later. The primary outcome was the association between MR biomarkers and an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, defined as death or moderate or severe disability, measured using a multivariable prognostic model. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to examine the prognostic accuracy of the individual biomarkers. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01309711. FINDINGS: Between Jan 29, 2013, and June 25, 2016, we recruited 223 infants who all underwent MRI and MRS at a median age of 7 days (IQR 5-10), with 190 (85%) followed up for neurological examination at a median age of 23 months (20-25). Of those followed up, 31 (16%) had moderate or severe disability, including one death. Multiple logistic regression analysis could not be done because thalamic N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentration alone accurately predicted an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (area under the curve [AUC] of 0\ub799 [95% CI 0\ub794-1\ub700]; sensitivity 100% [74-100]; specificity 97% [90-100]; n=82); the models would not converge when any additional variable was examined. The AUC (95% CI) of clinical examination at 6 h (n=190) and at discharge (n=167) were 0\ub772 (0\ub765-0\ub778) and 0\ub760 (0\ub753-0\ub768), respectively, and the AUC of abnormal amplitude integrated EEG at 6 h (n=169) was 0\ub773 (0\ub765-0\ub779). On conventional MRI (n=190), cortical injury had an AUC of 0\ub767 (0\ub760-0\ub773), basal ganglia or thalamic injury had an AUC of 0\ub781 (0\ub775-0\ub787), and abnormal signal in the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) had an AUC of 0\ub782 (0\ub776-0\ub787). Fractional anisotropy of PLIC (n=65) had an AUC of 0\ub782 (0\ub776-0\ub787). MRS metabolite peak-area ratios (n=160) of NAA-creatine (<1\ub729) had an AUC of 0\ub779 (0\ub772-0\ub785), of NAA-choline had an AUC of 0\ub774 (0\ub766-0\ub780), and of lactate-NAA (>0\ub722) had an AUC of 0\ub794 (0\ub789-0\ub797). INTERPRETATION: Thalamic proton MRS measures acquired soon after birth in neonatal encephalopathy had the highest accuracy to predict neurdevelopment 2 years later. These methods could be applied to increase the power of neuroprotection trials while reducing their duration. FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research UK
Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh
No full textCopyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Peptidyl transferase activities of gapped-cp-reconstituted subunits containing 2′-deoxyribose modifications at A2451 using CC-puromycin as acceptor substrate
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Chemical engineering of the peptidyl transferase center reveals an important role of the 2′-hydroxyl group of A2451"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(5):1618-1627.</p><p>Published online 14 Mar 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1065261.</p><p>© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> () The reaction between -acetyl-Phe-tRNA and [P]CC-puromycin was carried out for 120 min, a time point that corresponded to the endpoint of the reaction catalyzed by reconstituted wild-type large subunits. The product -acetyl-Phe-CC-puromycin (CC-Pmn-AcPhe) was resolved from CC-puromycin (CC-Pmn) by gel electrophoresis (). The control reaction (ctrl) contained the whole reaction mixture except ribosomal particles. The relative yields of product formation by gapped-cp-reconstituted subunits containing adenosine (wt), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA), or the deoxy-abasic analog (d-aba) at 2451 are shown below the gel. () The initial rates of peptide bond formation catalyzed by the wt or the deoxy-A2451-modified large ribosomal subunit were determined from experimental points within the first 45 min of incubation. During this incubation time, no product formation with ribosomal particles carrying the deoxy-abasic site analog at position 2451 could be measured (n.d.). The rates were normalized to the rate of reconstituted subunits containing the synthetic wild-type RNA fragment (wt)
Peptidyl transferase activity of ribosomes containing 2′-deoxyribose modifications at A2451
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Chemical engineering of the peptidyl transferase center reveals an important role of the 2′-hydroxyl group of A2451"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(5):1618-1627.</p><p>Published online 14 Mar 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1065261.</p><p>© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> () Time course of peptide bond formation promoted by ribosomes containing 50S reconstituted from cp-23S rRNA and the compensating 26mer with either adenosine (wt), 2′-deoxyadenosine (d-A2451), or a deoxy-abasic site analog (d-aba) at a position corresponding to A2451 of 23S rRNA. The curves represent the mean of 2–3 independent time course experiments, whereas the amount of product formed at the endpoint of the reaction catalyzed by ribosomes containing the wild-type 26mer was taken as 1.0. () Sucrose gradient analysis of gapped-cp-reconstituted large ribosomal subunits carrying adenosine (wt), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA) or the deoxy-abasic analog (d-aba) at 2451. Vertical arrows indicate the mobility of native 50S subunits
Intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy incidence and impairment at regional and global levels for 2010 with trends from 1990.
No full textBACKGROUND: Intrapartum hypoxic events ("birth asphyxia") may result in stillbirth, neonatal or postneonatal mortality, and impairment. Systematic morbidity estimates for the burden of impairment outcomes are currently limited. Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following an intrapartum hypoxic event is a strong predictor of long-term impairment. METHODS: Linear regression modeling was conducted on data identified through systematic reviews to estimate NE incidence and time trends for 184 countries. Meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate the risk of NE by sex of the newborn, neonatal case fatality rate, and impairment risk. A compartmental model estimated postneonatal survivors of NE, depending on access to care, and then the proportion of survivors with impairment. Separate modeling for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 (GBD2010) study estimated disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) attributed to intrapartum-related events. RESULTS: In 2010, 1.15 million babies (uncertainty range: 0.89-1.60 million; 8.5 cases per 1,000 live births) were estimated to have developed NE associated with intrapartum events, with 96% born in low- and middle-income countries, as compared with 1.60 million in 1990 (11.7 cases per 1,000 live births). An estimated 287,000 (181,000-440,000) neonates with NE died in 2010; 233,000 (163,000-342,000) survived with moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment; and 181,000 (82,000-319,000) had mild impairment. In GBD2010, intrapartum-related conditions comprised 50.2 million DALYs (2.4% of total) and 6.1 million YLDs. CONCLUSION: Intrapartum-related conditions are a large global burden, mostly due to high mortality in low-income countries. Universal coverage of obstetric care and neonatal resuscitation would prevent most of these deaths and disabilities. Rates of impairment are highest in middle-income countries where neonatal intensive care was more recently introduced, but quality may be poor. In settings without neonatal intensive care, the impairment rate is low due to high mortality, which is relevant for the scale-up of basic neonatal resuscitation
Neonatologie/Pädiatrie – Leitlinie Parenterale Ernährung, Kapitel 13
No full textThere are special challenges in implementing parenteral nutrition (PN) in paediatric patients, which arises from the wide range of patients, ranging from extremely premature infants up to teenagers weighing up to and over 100 kg, and their varying substrate requirements. Age and maturity-related changes of the metabolism and fluid and nutrient requirements must be taken into consideration along with the clinical situation during which PN is applied. The indication, the procedure as well as the intake of fluid and substrates are very different to that known in PN-practice in adult patients, e.g. the fluid, nutrient and energy needs of premature infants and newborns per kg body weight are markedly higher than of older paediatric and adult patients. Premature infants <35 weeks of pregnancy and most sick term infants usually require full or partial PN. In neonates the actual amount of PN administered must be calculated (not estimated). Enteral nutrition should be gradually introduced and should replace PN as quickly as possible in order to minimise any side-effects from exposure to PN. Inadequate substrate intake in early infancy can cause long-term detrimental effects in terms of metabolic programming of the risk of illness in later life. If energy and nutrient demands in children and adolescents cannot be met through enteral nutrition, partial or total PN should be considered within 7 days or less depending on the nutritional state and clinical conditions.Eine besondere Herausforderung bei der Durchführung parenteraler Ernährung (PE) bei pädiatrischen Patienten ergibt sich aus der großen Spannbreite zwischen den Patienten, die von extrem unreifen Frühgeborenen bis hin zu Jugendlichen mit einem Körpergewicht von mehr als 100 kg reicht, und ihrem unterschiedlichen Substratbedarf. Dabei sind alters- und reifeabhängige Veränderungen des Stoffwechsels sowie des Flüssigkeits- und Nährstoffbedarfs zu berücksichtigen sowie auch die klinische Situation, in der eine PE eingesetzt wird. Das Vorgehen unterscheidet sich deshalb ganz erheblich von der PE-Praxis bei erwachsenen Patienten, z.B. ist der Flüssigkeits-, Nährstoff- und Energiebedarf von Früh- und Neugeborenen pro kg Körpergewicht höher als bei älteren pädiatrischen und bei erwachsenen Patienten. In der Regel benötigen alle Frühgeborenen <35. SSW und alle kranken Reifgeborenen während der Phase des allmählichen Aufbaus der enteralen Nahrungszufuhr eine vollständige oder partielle PE. Die Zufuhrmengen der PE bei Neonaten müssen berechnet (nicht geschätzt) werden. Der Anteil der PE sollte zur Minimierung von Nebenwirkungen sobald wie möglich durch Einführung einer enteralen Ernährung vermindert (teilparenterale Ernährung) und schließlich komplett durch enterale Ernährung abgelöst werden. Eine unangemessene Substratzufuhr im frühen Säuglingsalter kann langfristig nachteilige Auswirkungen im Sinne einer metabolischen Programmierung des Krankheitsrisikos im späteren Lebensalter haben. Wenn bei älteren Kindern und Jugendlichen dagegen der Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf eines Patienten im Vorschul- oder Schulalter durch eine enterale Nährstoffzufuhr nicht gedeckt werden kann, ist abhängig von Ernährungszustand und klinischen Umständen spätestens innerhalb von 7 Tagen eine partielle oder totale PE zu erwägen
