1,720,991 research outputs found
Exosome cargo in milk as a potential marker of cow health
Full text linkRecent advances on milk exosomes (EXO), cargoes in cell-cell communication, explored their role within and between individuals, including in dairy species. The potential use of EXO as biomarkers of disease and metabolic conditions adds significant interest to the study of EXO in milk. Although several researches have been carried out on circulating miRNA in the milk, less information is available about milk-derived exosomal miRNAs, which are stable over time and resistant to digestion and milk processing. EXO are taken up by recipient cells through specific mechanisms, which enable the selective delivery of cargoes. This suggests that EXO cargoes can be used as biomarkers of health. Nevertheless, methodological limitations and potential applications of milk EXO in dairy ruminants must be considered. The paucity of studies that associate the EXO cargo to specific challenges deserves further investigations to unravel the variation of miRNA and proteins cargo in relation to metabolic imbalance and infectious disease of the mammary gland
Effect of different starch sources in a raw meat-based diet on fecal microbiome in dogs housed in a shelter
Full text linkA dietary intervention study was assessed to determine if different sources of starch in homemade diets could significantly modify fecal microbiome of dogs. Twenty-seven adult dogs were enrolled and fed a diet based on a mixture of rice and pasta with fresh raw meat (CD). After 90 d, 8 dogs continued to receive CD diet, 10 dogs received a diet made of a raw meat and a complementary food with rice as the main source of starch (B1), and 9 dogs were fed a diet with the same raw meat and a complementary food with potato as the main source of starch (B2). Samples of feces were collected from each dog in the mornings at the beginning of the study and after 15 d and analyzed for pH, ammonia N (N–NH3) and total N, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid. Relative abundance of fecal microbiota was assessed by sequencing and annotating the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA. Total starch intake was similar between diets but differed in the in vitro rate digestion and in the resistant starch, which was higher in B2 than in B1 and CD diets. Dogs fed B2 diet showed lower (P < 0.05) N–NH3 and pH but higher (P < 0.05) molar proportion of lactic acid. Linear discriminant analysis of the genera relative abundances indicated a significant (P < 0.01) increase of SMB53 genus at the end of the study in B1 diet and of Megamonas genus in B1 and B2 diets in comparison to CD diet. These results suggest that changes of starch source in a raw meat-based diet have limited effects on fecal microbiome in healthy dogs, but underline a high variability of microbiota among dogs
Variations in the Fecal Microbiota of Red Deer in Relation to the Hunting Area in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
Full text linkThe gut microbiota of red deer is a topic of growing interest, particularly with regard to its
ecological and physiological importance. The diversity and composition of these microbial
communities is influenced by environmental variables, diet and interactions with other
organisms in their habitat. Fecal samples were collected in 10 hunting reserves in the
Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, Italy. In each hunting reserve, five individual samples were
taken from the ground for a total of 50 samples. After DNA extraction, the V3–V4 16s
rRNA regions were sequenced. The raw data were uploaded to QIIME2 and taxonomic
annotation was performed. Significant differences between the deer sampled in the hunting
reserves (p < 0.05) were calculated for the phyla Firmicutes and Cyanobacteriota and for
the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota, especially for the mountain reserves in the north
and northeast compared to the reserves in the hills in the west. Shannon and Chao1 alpha
diversity indices varied between reserves (p < 0.01) and the Bray–Curtis beta diversity index
also indicated differences in microbiota between hunting reserves. The different habitats
and vegetation of the reserves could explain the differences observed. Understanding the
dynamics of the microbiota of red deer provides important information about their health
and feeding behavior and also has far-reaching implications for species conservation
La sostenibilità ambientale: emissioni di CO2 dagli allevamenti del Friuli Venezia Giulia e della Slovenia
No full textFactors Affecting Gut Microbiota of Puppies from Birth to Weaning
Full text linkThe review described the most important factors affecting the development of the intestinal microbiota in puppies from birth to weaning. The health and well-being of the microbiome in puppies is influenced by the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet of the mother, directly or indirectly. The isolation of bacteria in dogs from the placenta, fetal fluids, and fetuses suggests that colonization could occur before birth, although this is still a matter of debate. Accordingly, newborn puppies could harbor bacteria that could be of maternal origin and that could influence microbial colonization later in life. However, the long-term impacts on health and the clinical significance of this transfer is not yet clear and needs to be investigated. The same maternal bacteria were found in puppies that were born vaginally and in those delivered via cesarean section. Potentially, the relationship between the type of parturition and the colonization of the microbiome will influence the occurrence of diseases, since it can modulate the gut microbiome during early life. In addition, puppies’ gut microbiota becomes progressively more similar to adult dogs at weaning, as a consequence of the transition from milk to solid food that works together with behavioral factors. A number of researches have investigated the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of dogs, revealing that dietary interference may affect the microbial composition and activity through the production of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins. These compounds play a fundamental role during the development of the fetus and the initial growth of the puppy. The composition of the diet fed during pregnancy to the bitches is also an important factor to consider for the health of newborns. As far as it is known, the effects of the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet on the microbial colonization and the long-term health of the dogs deserve further studies. Definitely, longitudinal studies with a larger number of dogs will be required to assess a causal link between microbiome composition in puppies and diseases in adult dogs
Determination of volatile fraction in raw milk and rpened cheese by means of GC-MS. Results of a survey performed in the marginal area between Italy and Slovenia
No full textThe volatile fractions of milk and their evolution in ripened cheese were studied using purge and trap extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Eighteen samples of raw milk and cheese ripened for 70 days were collected in 2 consecutive years from dairy farms located in the border area between Italy and Slovenia. Twenty one volatile compounds not detected in the fresh milk used for cheese manufacturing, belonging mainly to the class of esters and alcohols, were found, while 8 compounds detected in milk were not found in cheese after 70 days of ripening. In cheese the majority of compounds increased significantly, even though the variations differed between the classes of volatile compounds
Usefulness of nutraceutics in controlling oxidative stress in dairy cows around parturition
No full textInfluence of dietary starch contents on milk composition of Friesian cows in early lactation
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