1,720,987 research outputs found
Chemotaxonomic Features in the Bifidobacteriaceae Family
No full textChemotaxonomy studies the chemical variation in microbial cells and the use of chemical characteristics in the
classification and identification of bacteria; it can be very helpful in the modern approach of bacterial polyphasic
taxonomy. For some groups it is one of the most important taxonomic criteria for identification (e.g., Sphingomonas
sp.; Busse et al., 1999) while for others, such as Bifidobacteriaceae, it is important but not sufficient for strain identification.
It has been recommended in the Bifidobacteriaceae Minimal Standard guidelines for the description of new
species (Mattarelli et al., 2014).
Chemotaxonomic markers applied in polyphasic approach of Bifidobacteriaceae are here described singularly
Probiotics and prebiotics in animal nutrition
No full textThere has been a close relationship between microbes residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the animal host during the long course of evolution (Ley et al. 2008). Nowadays the microbiota within the GIT of mammals can be considered a metabolically active organ: culture independent studies of the human microbiota recently identified a complex symbiotic environment with a wide biodiversity with more than 1,000 bacterial phylotypes representing more than 7,000 strains and with a high number of cells that can reach 1014 (Backhed et al. 2005, Murphy et al. 2009). Under normal circumstances, commensal bacteria are an essential health asset with a nutritional function and a protective influence on the intestinal structure and homeostasis. The intestinal microbiota promotes supply, digestion and absorption of nutrients, improves growth performance, prevents pathogen colonization, and shapes and maintains normal mucosal immunity. Although the intestinal microbiota is complex and the role of most of the bacteria in providing benefit to the host is not clear, bacterial species of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been shown to supply beneficial host effects because of their metabolic function and end products. Regulating the homeostasis, which is maintained by the microbiota, by enhancing its beneficial components, it could be possible to treat various intestinal disorders and maintain host well-being (O’Hara and Shanahan 2007)
Autoaggregation and adhesion ability in a Bifidobacterium suis strain
No full textOn the basis of autoaggregation ability, two different phenotypes (Agg + and Agg -) were selected from a strain (BSu895) of Bifidobacterium suis. The relationship between autoaggregation and adhesion of bacteria to intestinal tissue was investigated by observing the adhesivity of the two phenotypic variants to ileum and colon tissue pieces collected from six new-born piglets. The results suggest that there is a good relationship between autoaggregation and adhesion as variant Agg + (autoaggregating) has a stronger adhesion ability than Agg - (non-autoaggregating)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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