1,720,983 research outputs found
Optimization of the textile wastewater pretreatment process in terms of organics removal and microplastic detection
No full textThe textile industry, which offers innovative and diversified products to meet the rising demand, comes to the
fore with the damage it causes to the environment. In the modern world, where synthetic fibers made from
petroleum derivatives dominate the textile sector, it is evident that plastic wastes at macro, micro, and nano
scales put the health of all living things at risk. The release of microplastics into the environment is significantly
affected, especially from wastewater treatment plants. The primary goal of this study is to identify the most
effective pretreatment approach for reducing organic matters in textile wastewater to in order to better detect
microplastics and microfibers. For this, synthetic microfibers containing acrylic, polyester, and polyamide were
put through various procedures using H2O2, Fenton’s reagent, HCl, KOH, and NaOH under two different process
conditions (25 ◦C for 5 days and 60 ◦C for 6 h). The outcomes revealed that H2O2 was the most efficient chemical
for separating organic from textile wastewater, while KOH and NaOH resulted in physical and chemical damages
for all polymer types. Although it was noted that HCl and Fenton’s reagent did not affect other microfibers, they
had been found to alter the physical structure of polyamide, making it more challenging to extract from
wastewater. In addition, the use of heat had no further effect on the separation and merely served to speed up the
procedure
Release of microplastic fibers from synthetic textiles during household washing
Full text linkTextile materials are one of the primary sources of microplastic pollution. The washing procedure is by far the
most significant way that textile products release microplastic fibers (MPFs). Therefore, in this study, the effects
of various textile raw materials (A acrylic, PA polyamide, PET polyester, RPET recycled polyester and PP
polypropylene), fabric construction properties (woven, knitted), thickness and basis weight values on MPFs
release at different washing stages (pre-washing, soaping/rinsing) were examined separately. To mimic the most
popular home washing procedures, a 10-min pre-wash and a 35-min soaping/rinsing phase at 40 ◦C were
selected for the washing procedure. Utilizing the Image J program on macroscopic images captured by a highresolution
SL. R camera, the microfibers collected by filtering the water have been visually counted. According
to the results, knitted fabrics released fewer MPFs than woven fabrics, with the woven acrylic sample (A3-w)
exhibiting the highest release (2405 MPFs). The number of MPFs increased along with the thickness and weight
of the fabric. Recycled polyester was found to release more MPFs than virgin polyester under the same conditions
(1193 MPFs vs. 908 MPFs). This study demonstrates how recycled polyester, although initially an environmentally
beneficial solution, can eventually become detrimental to the environment. Furthermore, it is known
that the pre-washing procedure—which is optional—releases a lot more MPFs than the soaping and rinsing
procedures, and that stopping this procedure will drastically lower the amount of MPFs incorporated into the
water
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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