1,720,962 research outputs found
The impact of maternal high fat diet on offspring brain, behaviour and cognitive functions
No full textThe global rise in obesity and overweight, particularly among women of childbearing age, is escalating rapidly. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced maternal obesity is considered a contributing factor to neurodevelopmental disorders in their offspring, including depression, anxiety, ASD, ADHD. Rodent models have demonstrated that a maternal HFD during critical developmental periods has a lasting impact on the neurodevelopment of offspring, affecting both brain health and behaviour. To discriminate between maternal HFD and obesity, we hypothesise that maternal HFD during gestation/lactation or only preimplantation period, in the absence of obesity, influence offspring’s locomotor, explorative, anxiety-like behaviour, and social behaviours as well as memory functions. After conception, female-MF1 mice were allocated to one of three groups: Embryonic-HFD (EHFD), consuming the HF diet during the first 3.5 days of pregnancy, followed by a chow diet; HFD and control (NFD) groups, consuming HFD and chow diet throughout pregnancy/lactation, respectively. A series of behavioural tests were conducted on offspring from 9 HFD, 8 EHFD, and 9 NFD mothers, including the open field test (OFT) at weeks 4 and 10, to assess locomotor, exploratory, and anxiety-like behaviours; the novel object recognition (NOR) test at weeks 4 and 10 for short-term hippocampal memory; the elevated plus maze (EPM) at weeks 5 and 11, for anxiety-like behaviour; the T-maze at week 8 for spatial working memory; and the social interaction test (SIT) at week 12 for social behaviours. Following cryo-sectioning of adult offspring brains, hippocampal sections of male offspring were immuno-stained for Ki67 and doublecortin (DXC). mRNA expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (Tfam, Nrf-1, and Pgc1-alpha); oxidative stress and mitochondrial functioning (Nrf2, Sox2, and Cycs); cholesterol metabolism (ApoE, Hmgcs1, Lpl, and Fdps) and epigenetic mechanisms (Hdac1 and Dnmt1) were evaluated in the cortex and hippocampus of adult offspring using qPCR. Maternal HFD intake during the preimplantation period, led to reduced locomotor and exploratory behaviour in juvenile male offspring. Juvenile female offspring exposed to maternal HFD throughout gestation and lactation, exhibited potential signs of anxiety-like behaviour, although these behaviours were not observed in adulthood. Memory functions and social behaviour were not affected by maternal HFD. Additionally, there were no differences in the proliferation of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult male offspring. The expression of selected genes associated with mitochondrial metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms showed no differences in both the hippocampus and cortex, except for one gene: the transcript levels of the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, Pgc1-alpha, were increased in the cortex of adult female offspring, exposed to HFD during preimplantation or the whole pregnancy and lactation. These findings highlight that the future health of offspring can be influenced by exposure to an HFD in healthy, non-obese mothers. Importantly, these effects seem to be reversible in adulthood through normal diet consumption. This is the first time it has been demonstrated that maternal HFD, particularly during only preimplantation affects the offspring behaviour
Dataset supporting the University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "The Impact of Maternal High Fat Diet on Offspring Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Functions"
No full textDataset supporting the University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "The Impact of Maternal High Fat Diet on Offspring Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Functions".
The dataset is presented in a zip file of all data related to the impact of maternal high-fat diet consumption during specific time periods on offspring brain and behaviour. The impact on pregnancy outcomes, maternal body weights, maternal diet and energy intake, offspring body weight, and offspring behaviour was evaluated using the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR), elevated plus maze (EPM), T-maze, social interaction test (SIT), and several gene expression levels in the offspring's cortex and hippocampus tissues.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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