4 research outputs found
Tectonic geomorphology and deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) in the Acigöl Graben, Türkiye
No full textThe Söğüt Mountains is a fault-bounded carbonate range situated between the active Acıgöl and Akgöl grabens in southwestern Türkiye. The southwestern sector of the Acıgöl Graben floor displays an array of faults that have produced peculiar intra-basin half-grabens with local lakes and drainages. The conspicuous geomorphic expression of the intra-basin faults and depressions in this sector of the basin is attributed to low sedimentation rate (i.e., starved basin) related to very limited runoff and sediment supply from the southwestern carbonate margin of the basin, dominated by subsurface drainage in a carbonate bedrock strongly affected by gravitational deformation and karstification. Detailed mapping reveals the presence of large landslides and extensive DSGSDs in the mountain fronts flanking the Söğüt Mountains, showing ridge-top depression, uphill-facing scarps, high-relief downhill-facing scarps, and toe bulges. Cartographic relationships provide insights into the development and evolution of the deformations in the slopes that experience continuous tectonic rejuvenation and debuttressing. DSGSDs and large landslides take advantage of secondary synthetic tectonic faults, in which gravitational and tectonic displacement are superposed. The transformation of DSGSDs into large to giant short runout landslides (up to ca. 3.5 Gm3) occurs mainly on laterally unconfined slopes associated with bends and stepovers in the basin-bounding faults. Seismicity is likely the main triggering factor controlling the kinematics of the gravitational deformations and landslides. Cartographic evidence indicate downslope propagation of the gravitational deformation (uphill-facing-scarps and associated troughs) in the tectonically growing slopes. Additionally, preferential development of solution sinkholes is observed in gravitationally distorted slopes with impeded surface drainage
Total energy loss assessment for trickle lateral lines equipped with integrated in-line and on-line emitters
No full textWOS: 000276608600005The accurate evaluation for the pressure head distribution along a trickle (drip) irrigation lateral, which can be operated under low-pressure head, dictates to precisely determine the total energy (head) losses that incorporate the combined friction losses due to pipe and emitters and, the additional local losses, sometimes called minor losses, due to the protrusion of emitter barbs into the flow. In routine design applications, assessment of total energy losses is usually carried out by assuming the hypothesis that minor losses can be neglected, even if the previous experimental studies indicated that minor losses can become a significant percentage of total energy losses as a consequence of the high number of emitters (with reducing the emitter spacing) installed along the lateral line. In this study, first, simple mathematical expressions for computing three energy loss components-minor friction losses through the path of an integrated in-line emitter, the local pressure losses due to emitter connections, and the major friction losses along the pipe-are deduced based on the backward stepwise procedure, which are quickly implemented in a simple Excel spreadsheet, to rapidly evaluate the relative contribution of each energy loss component to the amount of total energy losses. An approximate combination formulation is finally proposed to evaluate total energy drop at the end of the lateral line. For practical purpose, two design figures were also prepared to demonstrate the variation of total friction losses (due to pipe and emitters) with emitter local losses, and the variation of pipe friction losses with emitter minor friction losses, versus different emitter spacing ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 m, and various total number of emitters, regarding two kinds of the integrated in-line emitters. Comprehensive comparison test covering two design applications for different kinds of integrated in-line and on-line emitters indicated that the present mathematical model is simple, can be easily adaptable, but sufficiently accurate in all design cases examined, in comparison with the alternative procedures available in the literature.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [2219]The author would like to express his appreciation to Editor, Associate Editor and four anonymous Reviewers whose clear comments and constructive criticisms contributed greatly to the quality of the present work. Specifically, Associate Editor Dr. Peter Waller from Arizona State University is gratefully appreciated for his high contribution on its language edition. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) is also acknowledged for supporting the researcher's time at Texas A&M University by the fellowship and grants program (2219)
A MathCAD procedure for commercial pipeline hydraulic design considering local energy losses
No full textWOS: 000274616900012Using a power type equation for friction factor, this paper presents a design procedure which provides accurate solutions for three types of pipe design problems (Types A-C) taking into consideration the effect of local losses. The parameters introduced in the power type equation are related to the type and size of commercial pipes. Thus, several dimensionless physical numbers, obtained by suitably combining the variables relevant for the solution of Type B and Type C problems, are also introduced. For solution of the general case of a Type B problem (sloping pipe with pumping power), a user-friendly MathCAD procedure, which produces a consistent framework for analyzing and solving common piping-system applications problem, is also developed. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed procedure, several design examples are analyzed for three types of commercial pipes and a wide range of uniform pipe slope, and the results are shown as design curves. These curves have practical importance, because they permit to quickly determine the values of required variables for a given pipe slope. The results of the proposed method are compared with those obtained from the methods existing in the professional practice.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [2219]The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) is acknowledged for supporting by the fellowships and grant program (2219) during the studies in the Texas A&M University/BAEN. The author also thanks to the Editor and the anonymous reviewers for providing constructive reviews and criticism on the content of the paper, in advance
The stratigraphical position of Kemiklitepe fossil locality (Esme, Usak) revised: Implications for the Late Cenozoic sedimentary basin development and extensional tectonics in western Turkey
No full textUnlike earlier studies attributing the Kemiklitepe fossil locality to the Inay Group, the present study indicates that it is to be assigned to the Asartepe Formation that unconformably overlying the. Inay Group. This seems to verify the early Middle Miocene age of the Inay Group, previously determined by isotopic dating and palynological analyses. However, the early Middle Miocene age and the overall undeformed nature of the Inay Group do not concur with the regional two-stage extension model proposing a compressional phase during the Miocene/Pliocene interval. The correlation of the Asartepe Formation hearing the Kemiklitepe fossil locality further to the north indicates that a NE-SW trending fault was active during the Late Miocene. Recent Studies modelling the uplift history of the region are unconvincing because they ignore Late Miocene activity on the NE-SW trending faults and assume a timing of incision of the may Group after the Late Pliocene (similar to 3Ma) in their calculations.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [104Y156, 105Y280]The field work for this paper was supported by TUBITAK-104Y156 and 105Y280 research grants. We thank SEVKET SEN and GERCEK SARAC for their encouragement to study the stratigraphic position of the Kemiklitepe fossil locality. We also thank UWE RING, Mainz, and two anonymous referees for then, Constructive comments
