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The effects on abomasal emtying rate of erythromycin and bethanechol in healthy, premature and diarrheic calves
No full textBu araştırmada sağlıklı, ishalli ve prematüre buzağılarda, prokinetik ilaçlardan olan eritromisin ve betanekolün abomazal boşalma oranı üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 5 adet sağlıklı, 12 adet ishalli ve 12 adet prematüre buzağı kullanıldı. Bu üç gruptaki buzağılar da kendi aralarında da gruplandırılarak, bir gruba IM 10 mg/kg dozunda eritromisin, bir gruba IM 0,07 mg/kg dozunda betanekol, bir diğer gruba ise herhangi bir ilaç uygulaması yapılmadı ve ardından süt ikamesi içirildi. Gastrointestinal motiliteyi asetaminofen ve glikoz absorbsiyon testleri ile değerlendirmek amacıyla, içirilen her süt ikamesi içerisine 50 mg/kg asetaminofen ve 25 gram/L glikoz ilavesi yapıldı. Süt ikamesi içirilmeden önce (0. değer) ve içirildikten sonra ki 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 ve 300. dakikalarda kan örnekleri toplandı. Ayrıca deneme süresince buzağıların solunum sayıları ve kalp atım sayıları da kayıt edildi. Tüm gruplarda, ilaç uygulamasını takiben solunum sayıları, nabız sayıları ve genel durumlarında bir değişiklik gözlenmedi. Buzağıların bazılarında dışkının hafif sulu kıvama geldiği, prematüre buzağılarda genellikle 180. dk sonra dışkılama şekillendiği gözlendi. Prematüre gruptaki buzağılarda eritromisin uygulaması sonrasında asetaminofen ve glikoz Cmax, Tmax ile AUC değerleri kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, daha yüksek Cmax (P<0,05), daha kısa Tmax (P>0,05) ve daha büyük AUC değerlerine (P>0,05) ulaştığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, klinik ve labaratuvar bulgular temelinde, prematüre buzağılara 10 mg/kg dozunda eritromisin IM uygulamasının daha hızlı abomazal boşalma sağlayabileceği ifade edilebilir.In this study, it is aimed that to be defined the effect of erythromycin and bethanechol which are from prokinetic drugs on the value of discharge for the calves that are healty, diarrhea and premature. In the study, 5 healty calves, 12 diarrhea calves and 12 premature calves were used. Each of these three groups are divided into three sub groups and it is applied 10 mg/kg IM dose of erythromycin, 0,07 mg/kg IM dose of bethanechol for two sub groups. For the last sub groups, those drugs have not been applied. 50 mg/kg acetominophen and 25 gram/L glucose have been added in to the substitution of milk to evoluate the speed of gastrointestinal motility with the test results of absorptions of acetominophen and glucose. The blood examples have been taken before substitution of milk application and for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300. minutes after substitution of milk application. The respiratory rates and number of heartbeats were also recorded during the test time. There are no changes was observed in number of heart beats, respiratory rates and general conditions for all groups after drugs aplied. It is observed that, the feces of some calves were became slightly watery viscosity and premature calves generaly defecated after 180 minutes. When Cmax, Tmax and AUC values of acetaminophen and glucose are compared with Control Group's after applying erythromycin on the calfs which are in Premature Group, it is defined the higher Cmax (P<0,05), shorter The Tmax and greather AUC (P>0,05) values. In conclusion, according to clinical and laboratory findings, it may be stated that the application of 10 mg/kg doze of erythromycin IM has provided faster abomazal emptying in premature calves.Bu araştırma Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 09202022 proje numarası ile desteklenmişti
Evaluation of Vena Cava Caudalis Diameter Before and After Fluid Replacement İn Calves with Neonatal Diarrhea
No full textThe aim of this study were to evaluate the caudal vena cava diameter and caval index before
and during treatment with ultrasonography in dehydrated calves, to obtain more objective criteria for
the determination of the degree of dehydration, and to investigate the correlation of CVC diameter and
KI with clinical and laboratory parameters.
The study's animal material consisted of calves of various breeds and genders, aged 2-15 days,
which were brought in with the complaint of acute diarrhea in the neonatal period. The calves were
divided into two groups as moderate dehydration (Group I) and severe dehydration (Group II) by scoring
the degree of dehydration according to clinical examination findings. Fluid therapy and supportive
treatment were performed to all calves. Clinical, monitoring, laboratory and ultrasonographic
examinations of the calves were performed before the treatment, immediately after the fluid treatment,
and at the 8th, 24th, and 48th hours after the treatment.
It was determined that the calves included in the study had watery diarrhea, dehydration,
capillary refill time prolongation, hypothermia and an absence of the sucking reflex before the
treatment. It was determined that 14 of the neonatal calves with diarrhea were septicemic and 10 of
them had nonsepticemic diarrhea. Leukocytosis, hemoconcentration, hypotension, metabolic acidosis,
hyperkalemia and hyperlactatemia were detected in the calves included in the study. A decrease in
CVCmax and CVCmin values and an increase in KI were detected in all calves before treatment. After the
treatment, improvement of clinical, hematological and monitoring findings was detected. A significant
increase in CVCmax and CVCmin values and a significant decrease in KI values were detected in all calves
after treatment. In the correlation analysis, positive and negative correlations were determined between
CVCmax, CVCmin and KI and degrees of dehydration, capillary refill time, posture, sucking reflex, WBC,
RBC, HCT, Hb, pH, sO2, K+
, BE, HCO3
-
, SBP, DBP and MAP. Despite all the interventions, four of
the calves that were hypovolemic and septicemic died.
In conclusion, ultrasonographic CVC diameter measurements and determination of KI in
neonatal diarrheal calves can provide fast, noninvasive and practical information about the patient's
hydration status and an evaluation of the response to treatment. Caudal vena cava diameter and KI can
be used more frequently in routine practice as they correlate with some clinical, monitoring and
hematological findings.Bu araştırmanın amacı, dehidrasyonlu buzağılarda ultrasonografi ile tedavi öncesi ve tedavi
süresince kaudal vena kava çapı ve kaval indeksi değerlendirmek, dehidrasyon derecesinin tespitinde
daha objektif kriterler elde etmek ve CVC çapı ve KI klinik ve laboratuvar parametreleri ile
korelasyonunu araştırmaktır.
Çalışmanın hayvan materyalini farklı ırk ve cinsiyette, neonatal dönem akut ishal şikayeti ile
getirilen 2-15 günlük buzağılar oluşturdu. Buzağılar klinik muayene bulgularına göre dehidrasyon
dereceleri skorlanarak orta derece dehidrasyonlu 12 adet (Grup I) ve şiddetli derece dehidrasyonlu 12
adet (Grup II) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Tüm buzağılara sıvı tedavisi ve destek tedavi uygulamaları
yapıldı. Buzağıların klinik, monitörizasyon, laboratuvar ve ultrasonografik muayeneleri tedavi öncesi,
sıvı tedavisinden hemen sonra, tedaviden sonraki 8., 24., ve 48. saatlerde yapıldı.
Çalışmaya alınan buzağılarda tedavi öncesi sulu bir ishal, dehidrasyon, kapillar dolum zamanı
(KDZ)’da uzama, hipotermi ve emme refleksi olmadığı tespit edildi. Neonatal ishalli buzağıların 14
adetinin septisemik ve 10 adetinin de nonseptisemik ishalli olduğu belirlendi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen
buzağılarda lökositoz, hemokonsantrasyon, hipotansiyon, metabolik asidoz, hiperkalemi ve
hiperlaktatemi tespit edildi. Tüm buzağılarda tedavi öncesi CVCmax ve CVCmin değerlerinde azalma ile
KI’de artış tespit edildi. Tedavi sonrası ise klinik, monitörizasyon ve hematolojik bulgularında düzelme
tespit edildi. Tüm buzağılarda tedavi sonrası CVCmax ve CVCmin değerlerinde önemli artış ve KI
değerlerinde ise önemli azalma tespit edildi. Yapılan korelasyon analizinde CVCmax, CVCmin ve KI ile
dehidrasyon derecesi, KDZ, postür, emme refleksi, WBC, RBC, HCT, Hb, pH, sO2, K+
, BE, HCO3
-
,
SKB, DKB ve OAB arasında pozitif ve negatif yönlü korelasyonlar belirlendi. Yapılan tüm
müdahalelere rağmen hipovolemik ve septisemik olan buzağıların 4’ü öldü.
Sonuç olarak neonatal ishalli buzağılarda ultrasonografik CVC çap ölçümleri ve KI
belirlenmesi, hastanın hidrasyon durumu hakkında ve tedaviye verdiği yanıtın değerlendirilmesinde
hızlı, noninvaziv ve pratik bilgi verebilir. Kaudal vena kava çapı ve KI bazı klinik, monitörizasyon ve
hematolojik bulgular ile korele sonuçlar vermesi nedeniyle rutin pratikte daha sık kullanılabilir
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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