1,721,442 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Optimisation of wireless sensor networks for mobile target tracking
No full textLes réseaux de capteurs sans fil suscitent une attention croissante depuis quelques années, tant les applications sont nombreuses, incluant notamment le suivi de véhicules ou la surveillance de champs de bataille. Un ensemble de capteurs disséminé aléatoirement a pour but de surveiller des cibles se déplaçant dans une région donnée. Chaque capteur a une durée de vie limitée et deux états : actif ou inactif. Un capteur actif peut surveiller des cibles dans son rayon de portée, au prix d'une consommation d'énergie. Dans cette thèse, les problèmes étudiés consistent à déterminer un ordonnancement optimal d'activités de surveillance, afin de couvrir toutes les cibles à tout instant de la mission. Nous abordons en premier lieu un problème d'ordonnancement robuste. Une cible dont on connaît la trajectoire spatiale avec précision est sujette à incertitude temporelle. Cette situation est rencontrée lorsqu'un avion vole dans un couloir aérien, qu'un train circule sur une voie ferrée, ou que de tout autre véhicule suit un itinéraire pré-déterminé. L'objectif est de calculer un ordonnancement d'activités capable de résister au plus grand écart par rapport aux dates prévisionnelles de passage de la cible. Ce premier problème est résolu à l'aide d'un algorithme exact pseudo-polynomial, reposant sur une dichotomie. En second lieu, nous étudions le problème visant à préserver la capacité de surveillance du réseau de capteurs dans un contexte multi-missions. Les cibles sont maintenant sujettes à une incertitude spatiale, c'est-à-dire susceptibles de se trouver à une distance inférieure à un seuil delta de leur position prévisionnelle. Ce second problème est résolu à l’aide d’un algorithme exact basé sur la génération de colonnes, et accéléré par une métaheuristique. Les méthodes de résolution proposées ont en commun une étape préliminaire, appelée discrétisation, qui conduit à reformuler les problèmes originaux comme des problèmes d'ordonnancement d'activités de surveillance. L'espace de surveillance est découpé en faces, ensembles de points couverts par un même sous-ensemble de capteurs. Le calcul des durées de séjour des cibles dans chaque face permet de découper la durée de la mission en fenêtres de temps, et d'envisager le problème de couverture de cibles mobiles comme une séquence de problèmes de couverture de cibles immobiles. Les algorithmes proposés pour aborder ces problèmes sont testés sur de nombreuses instances, et leurs résultats sont analysés. De nombreuses perspectives ouvertes par ces travaux sont également présentées.Wireless sensor networks have received a particular attention during the last years, involving many applications, such as vehicle tracking or battlefield monitoring. A set of sensors is randomly dispatched in a region in order to monitor moving targets. Each sensor has a limited battery lifetime and two states: active or inactive. An active sensor is able to monitor targets inside its sensing radius, which consumes energy. In this thesis, the studied problems consist in deciding an optimal schedule of sensing activities, in order to cover all the targets at any instant of the mission. First, we study a robust scheduling problem. A target such that the spatial trajectory is exactly known is subject to temporal uncertainties. This context is met for a plane flying in an airline route, a train running on a railway, or any vehicle following a predetermined path. The objective is to compute a schedule of activities able to resist to the largest uncertainties This first problem is solved using an exact pseudo-polynomial algorithm, relying on a dichotomy. Second, we study a problem aiming at preserving enough sensor network capacity in order to perform further missions. For this problem, the targets are subject to spatial uncertainties, i.e. their actual position may be at a distance delta of their expected position. This second problem is solved using an exact algorithm based on column generation, accelerated by a metaheuristic. All the proposed methods have a common phase, called discretization, that leads to reformulate the original problems as activity scheduling problems. The monitored area is split into faces, that are defined as sets of points covered by the same set of sensors. Computing the stay duration of targets inside each face leads to split the mission duration into time windows, so the moving target tracking problem can be seen as a sequence of static target tracking problems. The proposed algorithms are tested on many instances, and the analysis of the results is provided. Numerous open perspectives of this work are also given
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Solving realistic vehicle routing problems with heterogeneous fleet in urban environments : towards an adaptive solver combining operations research and machine learning
No full textDans le domaine de la recherche opérationnelle, la résolution des problèmes de tournées constitue un défi emblématique depuis les années 1960. Initialement développées sur des problèmes simples, de nombreuses variantes ont permis d'améliorer le réalisme des instances étudiées, en particulier en milieu urbain où la congestion dépend du véhicule utilisé. Cependant, encore peu de méthodes sont compatibles avec l'ensemble des variantes existantes, celles-ci perdant de l'efficacité avec l'augmentation du nombre de clients. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé un solveur robuste et adaptatif, obtenant de bonnes solutions dans un très bref délai sur un nombre élevé d’instances aussi difficiles que variées (plusieurs milliers de clients, véhicules hétérogènes, milieu urbain, etc.). Ce nouveau solveur permet de générer des solutions issues de multiples instances, caractérisées par un ensemble de variables, dont l'étude permet de mieux comprendre ce que constitue une bonne solution. Dans un contexte où les travaux interdisciplinaires croisant recherche opérationnelle et apprentissage automatique sont de plus en plus fréquents, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’utilisation d’arbres de décision pour cartographier les aires contenant a priori l’ensemble des solutions de bonne qualité. La combinaison entre les arbres de décision et ce nouveau solveur restreint la recherche de bonnes solutions aux zones prometteuses, afin d’augmenter les chances d’obtenir de bons résultats et de réduire la durée de cette exploration. Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent que ces travaux interdisciplinaires sont prometteurs pour générer un ensemble de méthodes hybrides performantes.In the field of operations research, solving vehicle routing problem has been an emblematic challenge since the 1960s. Initially developed on simple problems, many variants have improved the realism of the studied instances, especially in urban areas where congestion depends on the vehicle used. However, there are still few methods consistent with all the existing variants, which are becoming less effective as the number of clients increases. It is in this context that we have developed a robust and adaptive solver, obtaining good solutions in a very short period of time on a high number of instances as difficult as varied (several thousand customers, heterogeneous vehicles, urban environment, etc.). This new solver makes it possible to generate solutions from multiple instances, characterized by a set of variables, which allows a better understanding of what constitutes a good solution. In a context where interdisciplinary work combining operational research and machine learning is becoming more and more frequent, we were interested in the use of decision trees to map areas containing a priori all good quality solutions. The combination between decision trees and this new solver restricts the search for good solutions to promising areas, in order to increase the probability of obtaining good results and to reduce the duration of this exploration. Experimental results indicate that this interdisciplinary work is promising to generate a set of efficient hybrid methods
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