97 research outputs found
Chemical identification of 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid as an LjMAX1 product and in planta conversion of its methyl ester to canonical and noncanonical strigolactones in Lotus japonicus
No full textMori, Narumi, Sado, Aika, Xie, Xiaonan, Yoneyama, Kaori, Asami, Kei, Seto, Yoshiya, Nomura, Takahito, Yamaguchi, Shinjiro, Yoneyama, Koichi, Akiyama, Kohki (2020): Chemical identification of 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid as an LjMAX1 product and in planta conversion of its methyl ester to canonical and noncanonical strigolactones in Lotus japonicus. Phytochemistry (112349) 174: 1-16, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112349, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.11234
Mad girls in the attic: Louisa May Alcott, Yoshiya Nobuko and the development of Shōjo culture
No full textThe purpose of this study is to focus on girls\u27 narratives which have rarely been discussed outside the category of juvenile literature. This study attempts to reevaluate them and treat them as part of female creativity, analyzing them in the light of feminism. This study is entitled “Mad Girls in the Attic” in order to suggest a new tradition of girls\u27 writings branching from the established women\u27s literary tradition described in The Mad Woman in the Attic. This study has two goals; it follows how American girls\u27 culture came to Japan and helped establish Japanese girls\u27 culture, and it also examines the nature of girls\u27 narratives, which is related to their authors\u27 adolescent mentality. The first and second chapters are a comparative study of Louisa May Alcott and Yoshiya Nobuko, the forerunners of girls\u27 story writing who were also feminists. Interestingly, they followed similar career paths and faced similar problems as popular writers; desiring to be acknowledged as serious writers, they struggled between literary aspiration and the desire for fame. By comparing their writings and the changes in their literary styles, this study examines what makes girls\u27 stories unique and political. The third chapter focuses on those stories by Yoshiya which were targeted at an adult audience. It shows how Yoshiya used the “immature” girls\u27 mentality as her political weapon to confront patriarchal society. Chapter four addresses Kawabata Yasunari, a canonized male author and a popular writer of girls\u27 stories. While revealing the gender differences between his narrative presentations and those of Yoshiya, this chapter discusses how the topic of “girl” is a significant element in Kawabata\u27s mainstream literature. Chapter five shifts the focus to girls\u27 culture of the postwar era. Dealing with girls\u27 manga and popular literature written by young writers, it examines how their narratives embody the same girl\u27s mentality as Alcott and Yoshiya expressed in their works. Girls\u27 culture continue to be a source of inspiration for Japanese girls
Fig. 2 in Chemical identification of 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid as an LjMAX1 product and in planta conversion of its methyl ester to canonical and noncanonical strigolactones in Lotus japonicus
No full textFig. 2. Detection of 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid (18-OH-CLA), 4DO and 5DS in CLA feeding experiment by recombinant LjMAX1 and Os900. CLA was incubated with recombinant yeast microsomes. Yeast microsomes having an empty vector and the expression vector pYeDP60-Os900 were used as a negative and a positive control, respectively. The extracts of the microsomes and authentic standard were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The peak at 7.0 min was presumed to be 18-OH-CLA which may be converted artificially to 4DO and 5DS in the ion source of mass spectrometer, and detected in the MRM transitions for 4DO and 5DS (red: 331.15/216.00, blue: 331.15/97.00, green: 331.15/234.00, m/z in positive mode). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)Published as part of Mori, Narumi, Sado, Aika, Xie, Xiaonan, Yoneyama, Kaori, Asami, Kei, Seto, Yoshiya, Nomura, Takahito, Yamaguchi, Shinjiro, Yoneyama, Koichi & Akiyama, Kohki, 2020, Chemical identification of 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid as an LjMAX1 product and in planta conversion of its methyl ester to canonical and noncanonical strigolactones in Lotus japonicus, pp. 1-16 in Phytochemistry (112349) 174 on page 4, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112349, http://zenodo.org/record/829480
Effects of rewarming therapies on outcomes in accidental hypothermia: A secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective study
No full text弘前大学博士（医学）Author(s): Kana Sugiyama, Osamu Nomura, Jin Irie, Yoshiya Ishizawa, Shuhei Takauji, Mineji Hayakawa, Yoshinori Tamada, Hiroyuki Hanad
Oh Woman, Where Art Thou? Rethinking Yoshiya Nobuko’s Short Story Onibi (1951) from a Feminist Perspective
No full textOnibi (Foxfire) is a short story by Japanese author Yoshiya Nobuko. First published in 1951 in the pages of Fujin Koron (Lady's Review), it portrays a few days in the life of gas bill collector Chushich, who on his rounds through the neighborhood of what appears to be early postwar Tokyo, visits the house of a nameless woman whom he attempts to coerce into having sex with him in exchange for paying her gas bill, only to find her having hanged herself a few days later.
Onibi is an exceptional work for several reasons. For one, it is one of the few prose texts by Yoshiya that was awarded a literary prize, in this case the Joryu Bungakusha-sho (Women Writers Association Prize) in 1951. It was also met with a positive response from Japan's literary establishment, a fact that led to a tendency in secondary literature to consider it within in the context of junbungaku (high literature) as opposed to taishu-bungaku (popular literature). Without attempting to arrive at a final answer, I discuss this relation between Onibi and junbungaku in the first half of this paper, pointing out several aspects that could complicate an understanding of Onibi's positive reception as recognition of Yoshiya’s writing on part of the literary establishment when viewed from a feminist perspective.
Furthermore, characterized by a third-person narration that focuses on the perspective of the male protagonist Chushichi and the absence of Yoshiya’s ornamental and melodramatic prose, Onibi seems to differ from Yoshiya’s earlier works such as, for instance, her shojo novels. It thus poses the question of how to situate Onibi and its nameless female character within the broader context of Yoshiya’s oeuvre. As I demonstrate in the second half of this paper, it is not only through the woman's position of being confined to the realm of the fantastic — either as the ghost of a dead woman or a fetishistic object of male desire ― that Onibi becomes a critique of an androcentric society and postwar Japan, as the few secondary texts on this short story suggest. It is exactly in the fact that the text allows for a reading of the woman as beyond the realistic and the social ― significantly, a realm superimposed on the home-while at the same time rejecting the equation of women with the fantastic by showing her to also be a social, real being, that Onibi undermines androcentric constructions of women. This critique is further developed through the depiction of Chushichi, as the text emphasizes the theatricality of his masculinity, making possible a parodistic reading of Chushichi and, by analogy, of Onibi as a rejection of postwar Japan and its heterosexist gender norms.
While a parodistic reading also poses problems with regards to the historical and social relativity of intention, as I will briefly elaborate in my concluding remarks, it is in this polysemantic ambivalence that Onibi becomes a negotiation of femaleness, and as such, can be placed within the genealogy of Yoshiya’s female-centered prose texts.departmental bulletin pape
語りえぬものから聞こえぬものへ : 吉屋信子の『花物語』の変容と受容について
No full text2019-03-31The shōjo novel - Hanamonogatari (Flower Tales) by Yoshiya Nobuko was published by Shōjo Gahō from 1916 to1924. It drew romantic love stories. Before the Second World War, it also became a popular work which had been called as a bible for women. Previous researches have discussed the power relationship between the text’s deviation and the gender norms of “good wife, wise mother” which have been imposed on the shōjo. But by interpreting the text to observe the power relationship, the previous researches have ignored the author’s writing and the readers’ reading. This paper focuses on the author/text/readers to discuss the writing activities of Yoshiya, the changing meaning of the homosocial in the text, and the readers’ comments which had been published on the readers’ corner of the magazine. Yoshiya was always being conscious with the conversation on the readers’ corner in the shōjo’s magazine while writing the novel. Because there were unspeakable things while writing for shōjo, the author decided to publish outside of the current magazine although Hanamonogatari was still serialized on the magazine. On the other hand, from the beginning to the end of the novels, the text had been gradually changed into polysemous meaning. While reading the works, readers were forming an "interpretive community" which eliminated the polysemous meaning of the works and bestowed it with a new meaning where Hanamonogatari was equivalent to sentimentality. Therefore, the deviation of the text that the author tried to speak of was reduced to the gender norms that she tried to deviate from . Thus the unspeakable voice in the shōjo magazine has become unhearable voice because of the reading of the interpretive community.departmental bulletin pape
<Discussion II> (B) Reply to Professor Yamazaki : What is the Determinism in Mechanics? : A Hidden Parameter in Classical Mechanics
No full textPrinciples in the mechanics are appearently deterministic. The author previously reported that the deterministic character of the mechanics comes from observations on the ensemble close to the isolated system in which every process is reversible. This mechanical ensemble can be studied by means of the thermodynamics. lt is shown that the entropy production rates in the reversible mechanical processes are minimum or zero, corres ponding to the stationary oy the equilibrium state in thermodynamics, respeetively. The thermodynamics of non-linear non-equilibrium shows that a bifurcation point occurs in the state with high entropy production. Sttch a system with bifurcation is non-deterministic. The entropy production rate, σ, is the hidden parameter in the mechanics. Any process in our universe is irreversible and has many bifurcation points. On the bifurcation points, no deterministic mechanics can be applied. The mechanics of determinism is an approximation on the small isolated part with the low entropy production rate, σ, inside the universe which has the great velocity of entropy production. The living organism, human being and consciousness are examples of non-determinism ln the non-deterministic universe. Einstein and some other physicists failed to find the hidden parameter in quantum mechanics that provides the deterministic interpretation in a microscopic area inside the Planck constant. ln this paper, it is shown that the hidden parameter, σ, is found in the classical mechanics providing the determinism
Determinism of Mechanics vs. Freedom of Consclousness : Consciousness as Informational Structure
No full textMechanics, the classical mechanics, the theory of relativity and even the quantum mechanics, have provided a deterministic picture of the cosmos. The freedom of human will conflicts with the determinism. It has been a difficult problem in philosophy that men with free will exist in the deterministic cosmos. In this paper, it is shown that the deterministic character of the mechanics comes from observations on the ensemble close to isolated system, in the stationary state. Most of the Newton equations of motion and the Schrödinger equations are the linear differential equations which have the unique solutions of determinism. The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics cannot be a basis of the freedom of will because the uncertainty is limited inside the range of h, the Planck constant. The linear equations are originated from the potential of force, which means the energy conservation. The energy conserving system is isolated. The theory of observation in quantum mechanics (Neumann) showed that the consciousness of observer makes the pure state and decreases the entropy of the observed system. The author showed the same matter in the classical mechanics; the observation in the classical mechanics makes the observed system isolated one or minimum entropy producing system, and decreases the entropy. This manner of observation gives the maximum information of the system, I (in bits), as I=(Smax-S) /kln2 where Smax is the possible maximum entropy of the system, S the reduced entropy and k the Boltzmann constant. The consciousness of observer selects the manner of the observation, which is the work done on the observed system. The dissipative structure by Prigogine means that all ordered structures are originated from the reduced entropy, S, by energy dissipation. The system with the maximum entropy, Smax, is in the equilibrium. The system far from the equilibrium which has the large value of Smax - S has the structure. Such a system far from the equilibrium is described by a non-linear equation and is non-deterministic. However, the whole universe cannot have the energy dissipation. Instead of the dissipation, the expansion of the universe with light velocity increases the maximum entropy, increases the information contents and makes the structure. Thence, the ordered structures in the universe are tentatively named informational structure. The living organisms and the human consciousness are the informational structures in the universe. The universe is non-deterministic. The consciousness has freedom in the non-deterministic universe
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