1,720,974 research outputs found
Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Paediatric Patients Receiving Haemodialysis and Haemodiafiltration
Full text linkOptimal vancomycin dosing in paediatric patients requiring haemodialysis (HD) or haemodiafiltration (HDF) remains unknown. The current study aimed to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetics in this population. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a single compartment model and least-squares algorithm. The mean drug removal was 56.38% immediately post-dialysis, rebound was 23% post-redistribution, and net drug removal was 43% for patients on vancomycin undergoing HD/HDF. While on HD/HDF, the median elimination constant (ke) was 0.32h-1, and clearance was 0.18L/kg/h. When off dialysis, the median ke was 0.013h-1, clearance was 0.0066L/kg/h and volume of distribution was 0.64L/kg. All patients who received vancomycin 10 mg/kg/dose post-dialysis for proven infections were successfully treated. No adverse effects were reported except for one case of Redman syndrome. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the current regimen is optimal to reach therapeutic range for 4-hour post-dialysis vancomycin concentrations and 24-h area under the curve over minimum inhibitory concentration â Ľ400.M.Sc.2018-11-06 00:00:0
Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Paediatric Patients Receiving Haemodialysis and Haemodiafiltration
No full textOptimal vancomycin dosing in paediatric patients requiring haemodialysis (HD) or haemodiafiltration (HDF) remains unknown. The current study aimed to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetics in this population. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a single compartment model and least-squares algorithm. The mean drug removal was 56.38% immediately post-dialysis, rebound was 23% post-redistribution, and net drug removal was 43% for patients on vancomycin undergoing HD/HDF. While on HD/HDF, the median elimination constant (ke) was 0.32h-1, and clearance was 0.18L/kg/h. When off dialysis, the median ke was 0.013h-1, clearance was 0.0066L/kg/h and volume of distribution was 0.64L/kg. All patients who received vancomycin 10 mg/kg/dose post-dialysis for proven infections were successfully treated. No adverse effects were reported except for one case of Redman syndrome. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the current regimen is optimal to reach therapeutic range for 4-hour post-dialysis vancomycin concentrations and 24-h area under the curve over minimum inhibitory concentration â Ľ400.M.Sc.2018-11-06 00:00:0
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Improving Precision of Vancomycin Dosing in Neonatal Sepsis based on Clinical Outcome Evaluation and Population Pharmacokinetics
Full text linkBackground: Neonatal sepsis is commonly treated with vancomycin in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Vancomycin dosing remains a challenge in neonates due to significant pharmacokinetic variability and unclear vancomycin target range.Objectives: This research aims to determine vancomycin target range associated with clinical outcomes and develop a better dosing strategy using population pharmacokinetics (popPK) to maximize probability to reach study-derived target range in neonates.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted to summarize vancomycin popPK models in neonatal and paediatric patients. A retrospective cohort study included NICU patients receiving intravenous vancomycin. The associations between vancomycin trough concentrations and persistent/recurrent infections and mortality or acute kidney injury were assessed using logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. A popPK model was derived and validated using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. The predictive performance of the derived popPK model was compared against published popPK models. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed to derive optimal dosing regimens.
Results: A one-compartment model incorporating weight, postmenstrual age (PMA), and serum creatinine (SCR) best described the observed data from 655 vancomycin courses in 448 neonates with highest accuracy and precision compared to other published models. A strong association between time to reach target range and composite outcomes was demonstrated (p=0.005). A vancomycin trough concentration >10 mg/L was associated with lower odds of persistent/recurrent infections (adjusted odds ratio: 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.86, p=0.023) and >15 mg/L was associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury (adjusted hazard ratio of 2.94, 95% CI: 1.10-7.90, p=0.003). CART-derived area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours (AUC24h) of 420-650 mg*h/L appeared to be associated with lowest risk of persistent/recurrent infections or mortality (p=0.025). MCS-derived vancomycin doses achieved >90% target attainment for trough target range of 10-15 mg/L in majority of PMA and SCR categories (78%).
Conclusion: A vancomycin trough target range of 10-15 mg/L was associated with most optimal outcomes in treating neonatal sepsis, which supports using vancomycin trough concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates. A vancomycin dosing guideline using loading dose was derived to increase probability of target attainment and time at target in neonates.Ph.D
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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