1,720,981 research outputs found
Hydrogel-based standards for single and multiphoton imaging at depth
No full textMedical imaging is advancing rapidly through the development of novel laser sources and non-linear imaging methodologies. These developments are boosting deep tissue imaging allowing researchers to study diseases deep in the body enabling early diagnosis and better treatment. To help with the testing and optimization of these imaging systems and to aid in this process of deep tissue imaging, it's important to have robust, stable and reproducible standards and phantoms. Herein we present the design and fabrication of robust, multi-layered, hydrogel-based standards. The hydrogel used is a double network hydrogel consisting of two interpenetrating networks agarose and polyacrylamide. Thin layers of tough double network hydrogels are stacked to form multilayered depth standards having modality specific signaling markers embedded in between. Standard design and assembly ensured long term stability and easy transport. These proved useful in-depth imaging studies, utilizing multiple imaging modalities, including one photon fluorescence (1PEF), two photon fluorescence (2PEF), coherent anti-Stokes Raman imaging (CARS) and second harmonic generation imaging (SHG)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Identification of <i>Neisseria lactamica</i> Outer Membrane Proteins Protective against Meningococcal Disease
Full text linkA number of approaches have been taken towards the development of a vaccine protective against serogroup B meningococcal disease but, as yet, none have been successful. The commensal bacterium, Neisseria lactamica, shares many surface structures with N. meningitidis and N. lactamica may therefore provide an alternative approach to vaccinating against serogroup B disease. Immunological evidence suggests that carriage of N. lactamica is involved in natural protection against disease caused by N. meningitidis.
This study presents the important observation that N. lactamica vaccines protect mice against meningococcal challenge. To identify the components responsible for protection, the outer membrane proteins of N. lactamica, extracted from whole cells, were separated by preparative electrophoresis and pooled into low 67 kDa) molecular weight protein groups. The low molecular weight group provided the best protection of these groups, and further separation of this group indicated that proteins of 25-43 kDa provided the observed protection. Serum raised against N. lactamica proteins was cross-reactive with meningococci of different serogroups, serotypes and serosubtypes. N. lactamica antisera raised in mice were not bactericidal and although sera raised in rabbits showed some bactericidal activity, titres did not correlate with protection.
Meningococcal proteins cross-reactive with N. lactamica antisera were identified using surface enhance laser-desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The cross-reactive proteins had molecular masses of approximately 11.2 kDa, 13.7 kDa, 26.8 kDa, 17.4 kDa, 28.1 kDa, 33.1 kDa, 53.2 kDa and 66.6 kDa. Several meningococcal proteins of unknown function and others that have previously been considered as vaccine antigens (PorB and TbpB) were putatively identified. Proteins with epitopes homologous to these proteins are likely to be present in N. lactamica and may be involved in protection against meningococcal challenge. The identity of the 66.6 kDa protein as TbpB was confirmed by comparing the cross-reactivity of N. meningitidis OMPs from wild-type and TbpB knockout strains with N. lactamica antisera.
Using a N. lactamica genomic expression library, the DNA sequences of recombinant N. lactamica proteins cross-reactive with N. lactamica antiserum were obtained. Meningococcal proteins with homology to the N. lactamica sequences were identified by comparison with the complete genome sequences of N. meningitidis serogroups A and B. Fifteen cross-reactive sequences coded, either partially or completely, for 23 different proteins.
This study demonstrates that N. lactamica provides an effective vaccine in mice against lethal meningococcal challenge and that N. lactamica may provide an alternative approach to vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease. Putative identifications of the proteins involved in this protection have been made
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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