1,721,062 research outputs found
Inovação, Emprego e Políticas Públicas
Full text linkA obra Inovação, Emprego e Políticas Públicas, foi organizada com o objetivo de reunir conhecimento conceptual e empírico sobre as políticas públicas de suporte à inovação, no contexto nacional e da União Europeia, e sobre o modo como o financiamento público da inovação é susceptível de gerar efeitos sistémicos noutros domínios, nomeadamente na criação de emprego.
Todos os capítulos tomam a inovação como ponto de partida, mais especificamente as políticas públicas de promoção da inovação e os seus modelos de financiamento. Da ancoragem na inovação segue-se para o cruzamento com temas que tendem a ser vistos como dependentes ou resultantes de processos de inovação, nomeadamente: a capacidade inovadora empresarial, a criação de emprego qualificado (público, privado e científico), a competitividade empresarial, as dinâmicas de inovação, o (micro)empreendedorismo, a ciência, a investigação e o desenvolvimento empresarial, entre outros.
Os estudos que integram esta obra oferecem uma perspetiva interpretativa e analítica das políticas públicas estudadas e permitem refletir sobre a avaliação dos resultados e dos impactos dessas politicas.
Assim, a obra contém um potencial inspirador de contributos para a definição e avaliação de políticas públicas, quer no atual período de programação e financiamento comunitário, quer para o processo de concepção de novas políticas públicas, no futuro período de programação pós-2020.
Os destinatários da obra encontram-se na comunidade académica, científica, empresarial, política e técnica, que exerçam a sua actividade profissional e de estudo no âmbito das políticas públicas, bem como em todos os leitores que tenham, ou possam vir a ter, interesse pelo tema.
A problemática da inovação e do emprego, e a sua relação com as políticas públicas, não se esgotam nos catorze capítulos que formam o livro. Porém, o cruzamento de olhares e a diversidade de perspetivas científicas que reúnem são de grande riqueza e utilidade para reconstruir o discurso sobre a relação da inovação com outras dimensões da realidade organizacional e societal.FCT, SOCIUS-CSG/ISEG-UL, UMP
Renewed challenges for public policies in post-2020 Cohesion Policy: From RIS3 to RIS4 and a new social dimension for smart specialisation
Full text linkIn this set of new public policy instruments of the European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy 2014-2020, regional smart specialisation strategies (RIS3) were one of its most important ‘flagships’. Given the broad consensus that seems to exist in European institutions as regards the need to continue developing this approach in the EU in the post-2020 period, the main aims of this article are: (i) to analyze the new possible evolutions for strengthening RIS3’s strategic rationale of implementation; (ii) to debate the new challenges for public policy resulting from the new orientations and strategic priorities of the EU Cohesion Policy 2021-2027; (iii) to present a proposal for the evolution of RIS3 to another stage of evolution in the post-2020 period through incorporation of a new social dimension which we call RIS4 - Research, Innovation and Social Strategies for Smart Specialisation.
In order to achieve this objective, in addition to the Introduction and Final remarks, the article contains the following main sections: (i) Background theory, where we analyse how the transition from the place-based approach to the smart specialisation rationale allows effective conditions for better operationalization of the first type of approach; (ii) Post-2020 Cohesion Policy and the new challenges for public policy, where we present and discuss a number of key challenges which we believe should be at the centre of the debate on the future of Cohesion Policy. The choices the EU will make on each of these key challenges will determine very different solutions for the future Cohesion Policy. In this section we also debate in detail aspects such as the post-2020 cohesion policy in the framework of the EU's economic governance, the review of place-based approaches, reformulation of the mechanisms for territorialisation of public policy and the strategic priorities of the post-2020 Cohesion Policy;(iii) Smart specialisation and territorial approach post-2020, where we analyse policy implications, new requirements for governance and the increasing policy dimension of smart specialisation, and finally(iv) The European future of ‘smart’. From RIS3 to RIS4, we propose the development of a new stage for smart specialization in post-2020 cohesion policy, based on the increased social dimension of the RIS3
Eficácia, Eficiência e Mortalidade Empresarial
No full textEste trabalho incide sobre a análise da eficácia e da eficiência do Programa Leader + e sobre a mortalidade das empresas que beneficiaram de apoio financeiro no âmbito desta política pública, nas regiões Alentejo e Norte, no período de 2000 a 2006. A análise da eficácia e da eficiência incide sobre a totalidade dos projetos de investimento financiados e a apreciação da mortalidade empresarial recai apenas sobre o setor privado e mais particularmente sobre as empresas com atividade e/ou sede nas referidas regiões e que beneficiaram de financiamento. A metodologia utilizada para avaliar a eficácia e a eficiência teve por base a apreciação de indicadores de realização e de indicadores de resultado e do rácio input-output, sendo este último obtido pelo
quociente entre os custos (input) e os resultados obtidos (output). A sustentabilidade é analisada a partir das taxa de mortalidade das empresas e pelo estudo da relação entre a mortalidade empresarial e as variáveis região de pertença, atividade da empresa e número de sócios. O estudo permitiu encontrar diferenças entre as duas regiões ao nível da eficácia e da eficiência da politica
pública, bem como ao nível da mortalidade empresarial
“Productivity and Employment in Firm’s Acess to Public Funding to Support Innovation”
Full text linkInnovation is at the heart of the Europe 2020 Strategy, in order to promote higher levels of employment and productivity. Special attention is given to increasing the effectiveness of innovation policy instruments, mainly as some authors found evidence that productivity could be negatively affected by subsidies.
The aim of the study is to assess how the expected impact on firm productivity and employment is taken into account, when firms apply for public funding for innovation. The analysis is based on the case study of the Portuguese Innovation Incentive System in the Alentejo region. In order to understand which factors influence the public decision to financially support private investment, we estimated a logit model based on firms’ and applications’ characteristics, controlling for the macroeconomic environment. The results indicate that government preferences for promoting exports, exploiting firms R&D results and stimulating the level of qualified employment are shown to be more relevant than the impact on firm productivity. Furthermore, the cost to the government of new jobs created, measured at least by exemption of interest and financial charges on the loan, is almost twice as much for non-SMEs as for SMEs
A Ciência como Vocação: (re)ler Max Weber
No full textA Ciência como Vocação: (Re)Ler Max Weber reúne textos coligidos por ocasião da organização de um seminário, organizado no Departamento de Sociologia da Escola de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Évora, em 7 de dezembro de 2017. Nesse seminário, e no presente livro, que dele decorre, discutimos as relações entre ciência e sociedade, os processos de construção social de ciência e os seus interfaces contemporâneos, dentro e fora do campo disciplinar da Sociologia. O nosso ponto de partida foi uma proposta de (re)leitura da conferência de Max Weber “A ciência como Vocação”. Problematizar e discutir a actualidade de reflexão de Weber – passado um século sobre a existência, enquanto produto do pensamento do autor, foi o mote lançado às/aos autoras/autores dos textos que compõem este livro
Competition effect on innovation and productivity - The Portuguese case
Full text linkThe aim of the present paper is to assess the effect of competition on innovation (patent applications) and on productivity (Total Factor Productivity and Labour Productivity), using data from 654 Portuguese firms, according to 208 NACE 4-digits sectors, and over the period 2007 to 2015. For this purpose, two different methodological approaches were used, a Poisson regression model for the patent function and a log-log fixed effect model for the productivity function. The results reveal that, on average, competition has a negative, U-shaped form effect on innovation in the short term, and a positive effect in the medium-long term. Nevertheless, the model focusing only on manufacturing sectors shows some differences from the model considering all economic activities, namely a linear positive effect of competition on innovation. Concerning the effect of competition on productivity, a positive effect on Total Factor Productivity emerged from the analysis, while for labour productivity a negative one prevails
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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