363 research outputs found
Puesta a punto de un modelo de rinosinusitis crónica asociada a poliposis nasal monitorizado mediante técnicas de análisis de imágenes micro CT-PET
Get PDF[ES] La rinosinusitis es un proceso inflamatorio que afecta a la cavidad y senos nasales obstruyéndolos. Se denomina rinosinusitis crónica (RSC) cuando la enfermedad perdura más allá de las 12 semanas. La RSC puede verse asociada a pólipos nasales (RSC-PN) o no (RSC-SP), siendo la poliposis nasal una enfermedad con una morbilidad muy alta caracterizada por la existencia de estructuras neoplásicas que provocan la obstrucción de las vías aéreas. Los pólipos están formados por el infiltrado de células inflamatorias. Los tratamientos actuales no son efectivos en gran parte de los pacientes, teniendo que someterse a repetidas intervenciones quirúrgicas siendo necesario el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos más efectivos. La investigación en modelos animales se encuentra actualmente limitada por la inexistencia de métodos diagnósticos y de seguimiento de la enfermedad que no impliquen sacrificar los animales. Este estudio evalúa la eficacia del análisis de imágenes realizado empleando las técnicas de tomografía computarizada (CT) y tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) en el diagnóstico de la RSC-PN y el seguimiento se su evolución sobre un modelo animal de la enfermedad desarrollado mediante instilaciones con ovoalbúmina como sensibilizador y enterotoxina B de Staphylococcus aureus como agente inductor de la misma. La técnica CT se basa en la capacidad de penetración de los rayos X para detectar cambios en la densidad de los tejidos, mientras que la técnica PET tiene la capacidad de calcular la captación de la glucosa mediante un radiomarcador homólogo. Ambas propiedades se ven alteradas en el transcurso de un proceso inflamatorio severo. Los resultados obtenidos avalan la validez de estas técnicas para determinar la existencia de un proceso inflamatorio y estructuras neoplásicas en el modelo de la enfermedad desarrollado. Los resultados obtenidos por las técnicas de análisis histológico post-mortem corroboraron esta conclusión, permitiendo afirmar que la monitorización mediante las técnicas de CT y PET es un método efectivo para la determinación y seguimiento de la evolución de la RSC-PN en los modelos animales in vivo y posibilitando la investigación de tratamientos eficaces de la enfermedad.[EN] Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory and obstructive process that affects the nasal cavity and sinuses. It’s called chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) when the disease lasts beyond 12 weeks. CRS can be associated with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or not (CRSsNP). CRSwNP is a disease with high morbidity characterized by the existence of neoplastic structures that cause airways obstruction. Polyps are formed by the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Current treatments are ineffective in many of the patients having to undergo repeated surgical procedures therefore the developing of new and more effective drugs are necessary. Research in animal models is currently limited by the lack of diagnostic and disease monitoring methods without sacrificing animals. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the analysis of images carried out by computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of CSR-PN in an animal model. This animal model of the disease was obtained by an instillations protocol with ovalbumin as a sensitizer and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B as inducing agent. CT technique is based on the ability of penetration of x-rays for detecting changes in tissue density. PET technique has the ability to calculate the glucose uptake by a homologous radiolabel. Tissue density and glucose uptake are properties that are altered in the course of a severe inflammatory process. The results obtained confirm the validity of these techniques to determine the existence of an inflammatory process and neoplastic structures in the developed disease model. The results obtained by the histological post-mortem analysis techniques corroborated this conclusion. It can be said that the use of CT and PET techniques is an effective method for determining and monitoring the evolution of CSRwPN in animal models in vivo, allowing the research into effective treatments for the disease.Rius Rocabert, S. (2014). Puesta a punto de un modelo de rinosinusitis crónica asociada a poliposis nasal monitorizado mediante técnicas de análisis de imágenes micro CT-PET. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/46181.Archivo delegad
The general equation of δ direct methods and the novel SMAR algorithm residuals using the absolute value of ρ and the zero conversion of negative ripples
No full text"This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Carles Miravitlles".The general equation δM(r) = ρ(r) + g(r) of the δ direct methods (δ-GEQ) is established which, when expressed in the form δM(r) - ρ(r) = g(r), is used in the SMAR phasing algorithm [Rius (2020). Acta Cryst A76, 489-493]. It is shown that SMAR is based on the alternating minimization of the two residuals Rρ(χ) = ∫V [ρ(χ) - ρ(Φ)sρ]2 dV and Rδ(Φ) = ∫V mρ[δM(χ) - ρ(Φ)sρ]2 dV in each iteration of the algorithm by maximizing the respective Sρ(Φ) and Sδ(Φ) sum functions. While Rρ(χ) converges to zero, Rδ(Φ) converges, as predicted by the theory, to a positive quantity. These two independent residuals combine δM and ρ each with |ρ| while keeping the same unknowns, leading to overdetermination for diffraction data extending to atomic resolution. At the beginning of a SMAR phase refinement, the zero part of the mρ mask [resulting from the zero conversion of the slightly negative ρ(Φ) values] occupies ∼50% of the unit-cell volume and increases by ∼5% when convergence is reached. The effects on the residuals of the two SMAR phase refinement modes, i.e. only using density functions (slow mode) supplemented by atomic constraints (fast mode), are discussed in detail. Due to its architecture, the SMAR algorithm is particularly well suited for Deep Learning. Another way of using δ-GEQ is by solving it in the form ρ(r) = δM(r) - g(r), which provides a simple new derivation of the already known δM tangent formula, the core of the δ recycling phasing algorithm [Rius (2012). Acta Cryst. A68, 399-400]. The nomenclature used here is: (i) Φ is the set of φ structure factor phases of ρ to be refined; (ii) δM(χ) = FT-1{c(|E| - 〈|E|〉)×exp(iα)} with χ = {α}, the set of phases of |ρ| and c = scaling constant; (iii) mρ = mask, being either 0 or 1; sρ is 1 or -1 depending on whether ρ(Φ) is positive or negative.The following funding is acknowledged: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grant Nos. PID2021-124734OB-C22 and CEX2023-001263-S). The author acknowledges the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2023-001263-S).Peer reviewe
Influenza vaccine outcomes: a meta-analysis revealing morbidity benefits amid low infection prevention.
No full textBackground: The morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viruses are a significant public health challenge. Annual vaccination against circulating influenza strains reduces hospitalisations and increases survival rates but requires a yearly redesign of vaccines against prevalent subtypes. The complex genetics of influenza viruses with high antigenic drift create an ongoing challenge in vaccine development to address dynamic influenza epidemiology. Understanding the evolution of influenza viruses and the vaccine's effectiveness against different types and subtypes is pivotal to designing public health measures against influenza. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 192 705 patients, collecting information on the incidence and severity of the disease. The results of this meta-analysis were further validated using data from 6 594 765 patients from TriNetX. We analysed the prevalence of the most common influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) and influenza B virus (IBV), as well as vaccination effectiveness against them in three age groups, given that age is associated with influenza disease severity. Results: Our analysis reflects that overall vaccination against H1N1 IAV and IBV is effective in reducing infection and influenza-related complications in children aged 65 years old. By contrast, while vaccination against H3N2 IAV is effective in protecting against infection in infants <5 years old, it provides reduced protection against infection in older individuals. Conclusions: Despite higher infection rates, vaccination against H3N2 remains as highly effective as vaccination against H1N1 and IBV in reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Detailing vaccine effectiveness in terms of infection protection and disease burden across different age groups is necessary for understanding vaccine impacts in terms of other outcomes, e.g. hospitalisations, mortality and disease severity; for improving vaccine formulations and public awareness; and for enhancing vaccination campaigns to improve coverage and public acceptance.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2023-150116OB-I00. S. Rius-Rocabert was supported by the FPI fellowship funded by Universidad San Pablo CEU. J. Arranz-Herrero was supported by the PFIS fellowship co-funded by the FEDER/FSE and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.S
Large language models and causal analysis: zero-shot counterfactuals in hate speech perception
Get PDFTreballs finals del Màster de Fonaments de Ciència de Dades, Facultat de matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2023-2024. Tutor: Roger Pros Rius i Jordi Vitrià i Marca[en] Detecting hate speech is crucial for maintaining the integrity of social media platforms, as it involves identifying content that denigrates individuals or groups based on their characteristics. However, the expression of hate can be different across different demographics and platforms, making its detection a complex task.
A significant factor in hate speech is the presence of offense, which alters the perception of hate without altering the core meaning of the text. This study aims to examine how offense affects the perception of hate speech in social media comments.
To achieve this, we employ two distinct causal inference methods to measure the impact of offensive language on the detection of hate speech. The first method utilizes the traditional backdoor criterion, which allows us to model the nodes of the causal graph as features in a machine learning model that predicts hate. This method is demanding from a modeling point of view, as it requires training a specific model for each node in the causal graph.
The second method leverages the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate textual counterfactuals in a zero-shot manner, i.e., without requiring any training or fine-tuning. These textual counterfactuals are then used to estimate causal effects.
Our findings reveal that the causal effect of offense on hate is higher with the LLM generated counterfactuals than with the methodology that follows the backdoor criterion. Additionally, we train a machine learning model to directly predict the causal effect from a comment
Proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial de 363 m2 para el almacenamiento de pescado congelado situado el Molins de Rei: instalación frigorífica, instalación eléctrica y estudio de contraincendios
No full textTitle: Project for the rehabilitation of an industrial unit of 363 m2 for the storage of frozen fish located in Molins de Rei. Author: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Summary: This Final Grade Project is a project for the rehabilitation of an industrial unit for use as a store of frozen fish with a weekly flow of 2500 kg of product. The project includes the distribution in plant and electrical, refrigeration and fire protection installations. With the goal of make an optimal distribution for the performance of the activity, the rehabilitation of the industrial unit was done by the constraints imposed by the promoter and the current regulations. This way, the work consists of three executive documents: - Document I: memory and annexes of calculations and justification - Document II: planes - Document III: budgetTítol: Projecte de rehabilitació d'una nau industrial de 363 m2 per a l'emmagatzematge de peix congelat situat a Molins de Rei. Autor: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Resum: Aquest Treball de Final de Grau és un projecte de rehabilitació d'una nau industrial per a utilitzar‐la com a magatzem de peix congelat amb un flux setmanal de producte de 2500 kg. El projecte inclou la distribució en planta i instal∙lacions elèctrica, frigorífica i contra incendis. Per tal d'efectuar una distribució en planta òptima per a la realització de l'activitat, la rehabilitació de la nau s'ha dut a terme tenint en compte els condicionants imposats per el promotor del projecte i la normativa vigent. Així, el treball consta de tres documents executius: Document I: memòria i annexos de càlculs i justificatius Document II: plànols Document III: pressupostTítulo: Proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial de 363 m2 para el almacenamiento de pescado congelado situado en Molins de Rei. Autor: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Resumen: Este Trabajo de Final de Grado es un proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial para utilizarla como almacén de pescado congelado con un flujo semanal de producto de 2500 kg. El proyecto incluye la distribución en planta e instalaciones eléctrica, frigorífica y contraincendios. Con el objetivo de realizar una distribución en planta óptima para el desempeño de la actividad, la rehabilitación de la nave se ha hecho siguiendo los condicionantes impuestos por el promotor y la normativa vigente. Así, el trabajo consta de tres documentos ejecutivos: - Documento I: memoria y anejos de cálculos y justificativos - Documento II: planos - Documento III: presupuest
Proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial de 363 m2 para el almacenamiento de pescado congelado situado el Molins de Rei: instalación frigorífica, instalación eléctrica y estudio de contraincendios
No full textTitle: Project for the rehabilitation of an industrial unit of 363 m2 for the storage of frozen fish located in Molins de Rei. Author: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Summary: This Final Grade Project is a project for the rehabilitation of an industrial unit for use as a store of frozen fish with a weekly flow of 2500 kg of product. The project includes the distribution in plant and electrical, refrigeration and fire protection installations. With the goal of make an optimal distribution for the performance of the activity, the rehabilitation of the industrial unit was done by the constraints imposed by the promoter and the current regulations. This way, the work consists of three executive documents: - Document I: memory and annexes of calculations and justification - Document II: planes - Document III: budgetTítol: Projecte de rehabilitació d'una nau industrial de 363 m2 per a l'emmagatzematge de peix congelat situat a Molins de Rei. Autor: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Resum: Aquest Treball de Final de Grau és un projecte de rehabilitació d'una nau industrial per a utilitzar‐la com a magatzem de peix congelat amb un flux setmanal de producte de 2500 kg. El projecte inclou la distribució en planta i instal∙lacions elèctrica, frigorífica i contra incendis. Per tal d'efectuar una distribució en planta òptima per a la realització de l'activitat, la rehabilitació de la nau s'ha dut a terme tenint en compte els condicionants imposats per el promotor del projecte i la normativa vigent. Així, el treball consta de tres documents executius: Document I: memòria i annexos de càlculs i justificatius Document II: plànols Document III: pressupostTítulo: Proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial de 363 m2 para el almacenamiento de pescado congelado situado en Molins de Rei. Autor: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Resumen: Este Trabajo de Final de Grado es un proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial para utilizarla como almacén de pescado congelado con un flujo semanal de producto de 2500 kg. El proyecto incluye la distribución en planta e instalaciones eléctrica, frigorífica y contraincendios. Con el objetivo de realizar una distribución en planta óptima para el desempeño de la actividad, la rehabilitación de la nave se ha hecho siguiendo los condicionantes impuestos por el promotor y la normativa vigente. Así, el trabajo consta de tres documentos ejecutivos: - Documento I: memoria y anejos de cálculos y justificativos - Documento II: planos - Documento III: presupuest
Proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial de 363 m2 para el almacenamiento de pescado congelado situado el Molins de Rei: instalación frigorífica, instalación eléctrica y estudio de contraincendios
No full textTitle: Project for the rehabilitation of an industrial unit of 363 m2 for the storage of frozen fish located in Molins de Rei. Author: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Summary: This Final Grade Project is a project for the rehabilitation of an industrial unit for use as a store of frozen fish with a weekly flow of 2500 kg of product. The project includes the distribution in plant and electrical, refrigeration and fire protection installations. With the goal of make an optimal distribution for the performance of the activity, the rehabilitation of the industrial unit was done by the constraints imposed by the promoter and the current regulations. This way, the work consists of three executive documents: - Document I: memory and annexes of calculations and justification - Document II: planes - Document III: budgetTítol: Projecte de rehabilitació d'una nau industrial de 363 m2 per a l'emmagatzematge de peix congelat situat a Molins de Rei. Autor: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Resum: Aquest Treball de Final de Grau és un projecte de rehabilitació d'una nau industrial per a utilitzar‐la com a magatzem de peix congelat amb un flux setmanal de producte de 2500 kg. El projecte inclou la distribució en planta i instal∙lacions elèctrica, frigorífica i contra incendis. Per tal d'efectuar una distribució en planta òptima per a la realització de l'activitat, la rehabilitació de la nau s'ha dut a terme tenint en compte els condicionants imposats per el promotor del projecte i la normativa vigent. Així, el treball consta de tres documents executius: Document I: memòria i annexos de càlculs i justificatius Document II: plànols Document III: pressupostTítulo: Proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial de 363 m2 para el almacenamiento de pescado congelado situado en Molins de Rei. Autor: Albert Rius Rodríguez Tutor: Francisco José Iranzo Iranzo Resumen: Este Trabajo de Final de Grado es un proyecto de rehabilitación de una nave industrial para utilizarla como almacén de pescado congelado con un flujo semanal de producto de 2500 kg. El proyecto incluye la distribución en planta e instalaciones eléctrica, frigorífica y contraincendios. Con el objetivo de realizar una distribución en planta óptima para el desempeño de la actividad, la rehabilitación de la nave se ha hecho siguiendo los condicionantes impuestos por el promotor y la normativa vigente. Así, el trabajo consta de tres documentos ejecutivos: - Documento I: memoria y anejos de cálculos y justificativos - Documento II: planos - Documento III: presupuest
Imatge de la plantilla del C.D. Onda amb la seua tradicional vestimenta ratllada blanc-i-roja al camp de futbol del Mestalla de València
No full textImatge de la plantilla del C.D. Onda amb la seua tradicional vestimenta ratllada blanc-i-roja al camp de futbol del Mestalla de València. D'esquerra a dreta: José del Castillo (metge), Vilar, Villar, González, Tonín, Peris, Rius, Ballester, Ucher (mantenidor), Ribalta, Trilles, Sanahuja, Sergio i Lópe
Determinants of poor clinical outcome in patients with influenza pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: The clinical burden of influenza is increasing worldwide. Aging, immunosuppression, and underlying respiratory illness are determinants of poor clinical outcomes, including greater mortality. Bacterial infections seem to be the main reason. Updated information on the role of bacterial infection as the cause of complications would be of value in improving the prognosis of patients with influenza. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by using the PubMed repository using keywords like: Influenza, H1N1, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial coinfection, secondary coinfection, bacterial complications in pneumonia, and seasonal influenza. Only articles written in English were included in publications from 2010 to 2020. The analyses were conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses guidelines. The results were independently validated using a TrinetX database cohort of roughly 4 million patients. Results: We included 135 studies that contained data from 48,259 patients hospitalized with influenza of any age. Bacterial infections were diagnosed in 5391 (11.2%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (30.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (30.4%) were the most frequent microorganisms, followed by Haemophilus influenzae (7.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.9%). The random-effects model of the meta-analysis indicated that bacterial infections posed a 3.4-fold increased risk of death compared with influenza infection alone. Unexpectedly, asthma was protective (odds ratio 0.8). Conclusion: Bacterial infections diagnosed in 11.2% of patients with influenza increase 3.4-fold the mortality risk. S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa account for nearly 75% of the cases. Earlier diagnosis and use of antibiotics should improve outcomes in this population
El Tlacuache Núm. 209 (2006). 209 Año 7 (2006) mayo. El Tlacuache
No full textComo cabras en vitrina: el Senado elimina la facultad exclusiva del Congreso de la Unión de legislar sobre monumentos arqueológicos, históricos y artísticos. - La Poca Lipsis, un nuevo libro de Rius por María Rosas. - Premios INAH, reconocimientoa la excelencia académica
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