94 research outputs found
Platonov and Reshetnikov
No full textАнглийский вариант статьи впервые опубликован в “Ulbandus Review”.The article was submitted on 30.04.2014.Considering wide socio-cultural and literary contexts and referring to biographical data, the article studies the literary life of Fyodor Reshetnikov (1841–1874). The author maintains that the interpretation of Reshetnikov’s prose is to a considerable extent stereotypical, especially in relation to his work as a narodnik (a populist) and naturalist of the 1860s–1980s, demonstrating that he was a sharp social critic but a second-rate writer. Referencing Reshetnikov’s artistic world, his way of thinking, and the speech patterns in his texts, the author draws a connection between his prose and the prose of Andrey Platonov, concluding that a similarity exists between the two writers’ literary styles. Additionally, the author argues that it is possible to analyze the creative work of the two writers through the prism of modernist aesthetics.В широком социокультурном и литературном контексте, с привлечением биографических данных, рассматривается литературная судьба Фeдора Решетникова (1841–1874). Доказывается ограниченность стереотипной трактовки прозы Решетникова как одного из народников и натуралистов 1860–1880-х гг., острого социального критика, но «второстепенного» писателя. На основе анализа особенности художественного мира, типа мышления, речевого строя текстов Решетникова устанавливается «родственное сходство» с прозой Андрея Платонова, схожесть литературных типов обоих писателей. Доказывается возможность интерпретации их творчества с позиций эстетики модернизма
Variation of Proper Names in Nikola Znamensky by Fyodor Reshetnikov
No full textThe paper explores the variety of onomastic strategies in the short story Nikola Znamensky by Fyodor Reshetnikov, a follower of the ethnographic movement in the Russian literature of 1860s. It is typical for his works to omit the use of first names in the titles (Glumovs, Aunt Oparikh, Gossip Mironikh, Ilyich, Maxya, Yashka) whilst they play an important role in the stories. For example, the Doctor’s story begins with the first name and so it ends. The name suggests that the protagonist (albeit not openly) opposes himself to the official church position. Apart from that, the character himself claims that the name predicts his fate. Having lost the spiritual title, he also refuses the name. Within the text, only ten characters are named, and the naming strategies used in each case are different. The distinguishing factor is the variability of the name forms. This article aims to understand whether this variation affects the way the nature of the character is represented in the story. The analysis shows that the story features six context-driven forms of the name of the story’s main character, Nikola Znamensky. Religious teachers address Nikola by using the full form of the name. The narrator also refers to him as Nikolai. The character himself (and his fellows) tend to use both the full and the “folk” forms of the name (Nikola, Mikola, Mikula). The members of the family use the hypocoristic forms. The names of other characters (from the family circle: brother, sons) are also subject to change: the full form is typical for the speech of the narrator, the derivative diminutive -ka appears in the speech of the priest. The protagonist’s namesake son also has a separate derivative name reference (Nikolai — Kolka) which emphasizes the special role of the title character. The name’s variability thus reflects the main character’s embedding into various social networks and, more importantly, into the “folk” paradigm linking it to the figure of Saint Nicholas. The author concludes that Reshetnikov uses name variability as a characteristic means that adds to the types portrayed in the story
Variation of Proper Names in Nikola Znamensky by Fyodor Reshetnikov
No full textРукопись поступила в редакцию 08.05.2022. Рукопись принята к печати 13.12.2022.Received on 8 May 2022. Accepted on 13 December 2022.Статья посвящена анализу ономастических стратегий в рассказе «Никола Знаменский» Ф. М. Решетникова, представителя этнографического направления в русской литературе XIX в. Десять персонажей произведения имеют имена. Выделяются три типа стратегии именования, основанной на характере вариативности именных форм: константный, двухвалентный и плюралистический. Константный тип предполагает единообразное именование персонажа всеми действующими лицами, при этом используется только полная форма имени (священнослужители Василий, Олексей, тетка Матрена) или только гипокористика (дьячок Сергунька, писарь Васька). При именовании персонажей из круга семьи главного героя (брат, сыновья) реализован двухвалентный тип: полная форма характерна для речи рассказчика, дериват на -ка — для речи знаменского священника. Именно так именуется в рассказе сын — тезка главного героя (Николай — Колька). Плюралистический тип, предполагающий широкое разнообразие вариантов, воплощается в именовании главного героя рассказа, Николы Знаменского. В тексте встречаются шесть форм его имени: церковные начальники используют полную официальную форму; в речи рассказчика наблюдаются официальный (Николай) и народный (Никола) варианты; сам герой, как и его паства, используют различные народные варианты имени (Никола, Микола, Микула); члены семьи Николы Знаменского называют его при помощи гипокористических форм имени. Максимальная ономастическая вариативность именования главного героя рассказа позволяет продемонстрировать все его социальные связи: он подключен и к «официальной» (через свое духовное звание), и к «семейной» парадигме (через сына, в честь него названного), но прежде всего оказывается вписанным в «народную» парадигму и через нее причастен к образу своего святого покровителя — Николы Чудотворца. Вариативность имени персонажа позволила автору произведения создать неоднозначный образ народного священнослужителя.The paper explores the variety of onomastic strategies in the short story Nikola Znamensky by Fyodor Reshetnikov, a follower of the ethnographic movement in the Russian literature of 1860s. It is typical for his works to omit the use of first names in the titles (Glumovs, Aunt Oparikh, Gossip Mironikh, Ilyich, Maxya, Yashka) whilst they play an important role in the stories. For example, the Doctor’s story begins with the first name and so it ends. The name suggests that the protagonist (albeit not openly) opposes himself to the official church position. Apart from that, the character himself claims that the name predicts his fate. Having lost the spiritual title, he also refuses the name. Within the text, only ten characters are named, and the naming strategies used in each case are different. The distinguishing factor is the variability of the name forms. This article aims to understand whether this variation affects the way the nature of the character is represented in the story. The analysis shows that the story features six context-driven forms of the name of the story’s main character, Nikola Znamensky. Religious teachers address Nikola by using the full form of the name. The narrator also refers to him as Nikolai. The character himself (and his fellows) tend to use both the full and the “folk” forms of the name (Nikola, Mikola, Mikula). The members of the family use the hypocoristic forms. The names of other characters (from the family circle: brother, sons) are also subject to change: the full form is typical for the speech of the narrator, the derivative diminutive -ka appears in the speech of the priest. The protagonist’s namesake son also has a separate derivative name reference (Nikolai — Kolka) which emphasizes the special role of the title character. The name’s variability thus reflects the main character’s embedding into various social networks and, more importantly, into the “folk” paradigm linking it to the figure of Saint Nicholas. The author concludes that Reshetnikov uses name variability as a characteristic means that adds to the types portrayed in the story
Perception of the COVID-19 pandemic by Moscow residents
No full textThe article results from a medical sociological survey aimed at specifics of perception of the coronavirus infection (Covid-19) problem by Moscow residents. According to the data received, the level of respondents’ awareness about measures to prevent infection, as well as commitment to their implementation is high, and most of all residents of Moscow city are concerned about rapid spread of infection, lack of effective treatment and vaccine, fear for the health of parents and eventual economic destabilization in the country. At the same time, in a situation of forced staying at home in self-isolation, respondents most often experience discomfort from price increases, reducing (losing) income, limiting personal space and broken holiday plans. The authors note that among the most serious consequences of the pandemic (vision of the “post-pandemic world”), residents of Moscow share most common expectations of a recession, a large-scale crisis in the health care system, growing social tension and risk of an “loneliness epidemic” due to the consolidation of distance social practices
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography for Identifying Hospitalization in Patients with Suspected COVID-19
No full textThe controversy of computed tomography (CT) use in COVID-19 screening is associated with ambiguous characteristics of chest CT as a diagnostic test. The reported values of CT sensitivity and specificity calculated using RT-PCR as a reference standard vary widely. The objective of this study was to reevaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of CT using an alternative approach. This study included 973 symptomatic COVID-19 patients aged 42 17 years, 56% females. We reviewed the disease dynamics between the initial and follow-up CT studies using a "CT0-4" grading system. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as conditional probabilities that a patient's condition would improve or deteriorate relative to the initial CT study results. For the calculation of negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values, we estimated the COVID-19 prevalence in Moscow. We used several ARIMA and EST models with different parameters to fit the data on total cases of COVID-19 from March 6, 2020, to July 20, 2020, and forecast the incidence. The "CT0-4" grading scale demonstrated low sensitivity (28%) but high specificity (95%). The best statistical model for describing the pandemic in Moscow was ETS with multiplicative trend, error, and season type. According to our calculations, with the predicted prevalence of 2.1%, the values of NPV and PPV would be 98% and 10%, correspondingly. We associate the low sensitivity and PPV values with the small sample size of the patients with severe symptoms and non-optimal methodological setup for measuring these specific characteristics. The "CT0-4" grading scale was highly specific and predictive for identifying admissions to hospitals of COVID-19 patients. Despite the ambiguous accuracy, chest CT proved to be an effective practical tool for patient management during the pandemic, provided that the necessary infrastructure and human resources are available
Development of a Computer Simulation Model for Shaping the Working Surface of a Worm Wheel with a Gear Cutting Tool with Modified Producing Surface
No full textThe limits of realism and the proletariat on the horizon:Fedor Reshetnikov's <i>Where Is It Better</i>?
No full textNineteenth-century Russian representations of peasants largely reflect, as Donald Fanger plainly framed it, “the changing moods and attitudes of the most influential segment of educated society,” and inform us about that society, rather than peasants themselves. There were, however, both subjects of literature and writers of it who fell between the polls of peasant and elite. Fedor Reshetnikov, the orphaned son of a postman, was such a writer, and his 1868 novel concerning ex-peasants' rural to urban migration, Where Is It Better? (Gde luchshe?) diverges from and critiques the expectations of its audience of educated readers. Populist-leaning critics and editors, seeking literary access to the landed peasantry, hoped that Reshetnikov would be uniquely able to bridge the distance between these educated readers and the masses. While Nikolai Nekrasov's Who Lives Well in Rus'? (1866–77) incorporates memory of Reshetnikov into a composite, symbolic character who carries out this mediating role, the author himself did not provide the mediation that was expected. Where Is It Better? instead dramatizes the failure of ex-peasant characters to integrate into urban society. Published in the midst of debates over how to prevent the formation of an urban proletariat in Russia, Where Is It Better? makes visible a contingent of the population that political and aesthetic discussions treated as something that should not be given form. In doing so, Reshetnikov does not present a viewpoint from outside of the terms described by Fanger, but rather apprehends the limitations imposed by those terms.</p
Dynamics of Health Care Financing and Spending in Serbia in the XXI Century
No full text© Copyright © 2019 Krstic, Janicijevic, Timofeyev, Arsentyev, Rosic, Bolevich, Reshetnikov and Jakovljevic. Serbia is an upper-middle income Eastern European economy. It has inherited system of health provision and financing, which is a mixture of Soviet Semashko and German Bismarck models. So far, literature evidence on long-term trends in health spending remains scarce on this region. Observational descriptive approach was utilized relying on nationwide aggregate data reported by the Republic Health Insurance Fund (RHIF) and the Government of Serbia to the WHO office. Consecutively, the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database1 was used. Long-term trends were extrapolated on existing data and underlying differences were analyzed and explained. The insight was provided across two distinctively different periods within 2000–2016. The first period lasted from 2000 till 2008 (the beginning of global recession triggered by Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy). This was a period of strong upward growth in ability to invest in health care. Spending grew significantly in terms of GDP share, national and per capita reported expenditures. During the second period (2009–2016), after the beginning of worldwide economic crisis, Serbia was affected in a way that its health expenditure growth in PPP terms slowed down effectively fluctuating around plateau values from 2014 to 2016. Serbia health spending showed promising signs of steady growth in its ability to invest in health care. Consolidation marked most of the past decade with certain growth rates in recent years (2017–2019), which were not captured in these official records. The future national strategy should be devised to take into account accelerated population aging as major driver of health spending
Social mood of the residents of Moscow city at the beginning of the novel coronavirus pandemic (covid-19): possibilities of medical and sociological analysis
No full textA new coronavirus infection, which affected most countries in the world, besides the “direct” risk to the health and socio-economic well-being (stability) of the population, determined the large-scale coverage of states and societies with associated risks, including the observed transformation of social space, the increase in the phenomena of voluntary social isolation and “encapsulation” of part among the population, and the revision of the value of social ties. In temporal terms, the density of the observed changes in the social sentiments of society and the socio-structural characteristics of this period need both retrospective reflection and sociological analysis, as foresight analysis appears to be applicable to the current social situation. This study presents the results of a medical and sociological study (questionnaire survey), implemented during the beginning of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia on a sample of residents of Moscow. According to the study, despite the high level of awareness of Muscovites about the immediate risk and consequences of the coronavirus infection on their health, the respondents are mainly concerned about the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic. At the same time, the ideas of the respondents about the “post-pandemic world” include a large-scale economic decline, a violation of the functionality of the health system, and an increase in social conflicts and social disunity in the society. The main difficulties of medical and sociological research (respondent recruitment and data collection) were determined by epidemiological conditions. The study toolkit was developed considering the main trends in the spread of infection in the country and the observed social sentiment of Russians, but the high dynamics of changes did not allow to cover a wider range of issues that became relevant for Muscovites in the self-isolation period (April–May), which determined the understanding of the need for a second wave of research (planned for autumn 2020)
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