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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Indicators of permafrost thawing rates and mechanisms
No full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 mai 2023)L'amplification polaire du changement climatique, qui conduit les hautes latitudes à se réchauffer près de deux fois plus vite que les régions tempérées, entraîne la diminution progressive de certaines zones englacées du globe comme celle du pergélisol en Arctique. En profondeur, le dégel du pergélisol modifie le régime hydrologique du bassin-versant associé, impactant les ressources en eau et les écosystèmes aquatiques qui en dépendent. En surface, il se traduit par une augmentation de la couche active et une fragilisation de la stabilité du sol mettant en danger la durabilité des infrastructures locales. Dans ce contexte, il parait indispensable d'établir une carte de suivi long-terme de l'évolution du pergélisol à l'échelle de l'arctique afin d'anticiper les dangers associés à son dégel. Cependant, l'accès difficile et les conditions extrêmes de l'Arctique complexifient grandement l'observation directe, continue et à grande échelle du pergélisol. Si certaines cartes du pergélisol existent déjà, leur résolution est faible et elles restent statiques dans le temps. Cette thèse présente des méthodes indirectes de suivi annuel du dégel du pergélisol, à l'échelle de l'arctique et avec une résolution de l'ordre du bassin-versant puis du pixel. Ces méthodes sont l'analyse de récession de bassin-versant et l'interférométrie d'images radar de surface (InSAR), appliquées à des régions pergélisolées. D'une part, l'analyse de récession reflète, indirectement et à l'échelle du bassin-versant, la dynamique du pergélisol souterrain. En effet, selon Brutsaert (2005), le temps de récession d'un bassin-versant pergélisolé serait inversement proportionnel à la profondeur de dégel du pergélisol. Après analyse de 336 bassins arctiques, cette relation de proportionnalité se révèle complexifiée par l'étendu du pergélisol, les conditions climatiques du bassin, sa topographie et ses propriétés hydrauliques. Ces complexifications hydrologiques sont simulées avec Hydrogeosphere (HGS) à travers un model conceptuel 3D de bassin-versant arctique. Les simulations montrent que l'ouverture de tàlik sous le cours d'eau ainsi que la pente des berges du cours d'eau participent à l'augmentation de la verticalité et de la connectivité des écoulements souterrains ainsi qu'à la non-linéarité du réservoir. Ces résultats limitent l'applicabilité de la méthode d'analyse de récession basée sur le modèle de Brutsaert (2005) aux bassins-versants plats et sous-couverts de pergélisol continu uniquement. Pour les autres bassins-versants arctiques, d'autres modèles d'analyse de récession doivent être développés pour pouvoir en déduire la dynamique du pergélisol. Par ailleurs, la méthode InSAR permet de traduire la vitesse déformation du terrain arctique en vitesse de dégel du pergélisol souterrain. Cette étude s'appuie sur la méthode d'analyse de Daout et al. (2017), appliquée à plus large échelle, sur une région de 390,000 km² dans les basses terres de la baie d'Hudson. Pour cette région, l'étude estime une épaisseur de couche active de 64 cm et un taux d'affaissement de terrain de 2.5 mm/an sur 2015-2021. Si ces résultats nécessitent 15 ans de données satellites pour pouvoir être traduits en taux de dégel du pergélisol, la méthode InSAR a l'avantage d'être applicable pour n'importe quel terrain arctique et ce quel que soit l'étendu du pergélisol souterrain ou sa topographie. Chacune des méthodes offre des solutions prometteuses de cartographie haute résolution de la dynamique du pergélisol sur une large couverture spatiale et temporelle. Cette thèse donne les clefs de traduction d'un événement de récession ou d'une déformation de surface en un taux de dégel du pergélisol associé. Finalement, la transdisciplinarité de cette étude permet de confronter les résultats issus des différentes approches pour mieux les valider. Si la flexibilité et le réalisme du model 3D HGS nous ont permis de comparer les résultats issus des simulations avec ceux issus des analyses de récession des 336 bassins arctiques, il serait intéressant d'en faire de même pour les résultats issus de l'analyse InSAR.Due to polar amplification of climate change, high latitudes are warming up twice as fast as the rest of the world. This warming leads to permafrost thawing, which modifies the subsurface hydrologic regime of draining watersheds, therefore affecting water resources and related aquatic ecosystems. At the surface, permafrost thawing increases the thickness of the overlying active layer, decreases soil stability, and jeopardizes local infrastructure sustainability. In this context, building a map of long-term permafrost evolution in Arctic regions is essential to anticipate such hazards. However, direct, continuous, and large-scale monitoring of permafrost in the Arctic is very challenging because of difficult access and unfavorable environmental conditions. Even though maps of permafrost exist, their resolution is low and they are static in time. This research presents indirect methodologies to annually update maps of Arctic permafrost at catchment or pixel scales. These methods are the recession analysis of permafrost-dominated catchments and the interferometry of Arctic-surface SAR images (InSAR). On the one hand, recession analysis allows to reflect permafrost thawing dynamics since recession slopes of Arctic catchment hydrographs are linearly related to permafrost thawing depth under Brutsaert (2005) assumptions. The recession analysis of 336 Arctic catchments reveals that the linear relationship may be complexified by the extent of the permafrost itself, the climatic conditions, the landscape topography as well as the hydraulic properties of the catchment. Hydrological complexifications and mechanisms involved when permafrost extent decreases and landscape hillslope increases are simulated with a Hydrogeosphere (HGS) 3D model of a conceptual Arctic catchment. Simulations show that river-tàlik opening and valley incision both clearly increase the verticality and the connections of subsurface flow paths as well as the non-linearity of the reservoir. These results limit the applicability of the recession analysis to flat catchments underlain by continuous permafrost only. For catchments with steeper slopes and with discontinuous permafrost, other models than Brutsaert (2005) should be used to interpret permafrost dynamics from recession analysis. On the other hand, InSAR analysis translates ground surface displacement into permafrost thawing rate. The proposed method is based on previous local studies and tested on the 390,000 km² region of the Hudson Bay Lowlands. For this region, the study reveals a median active layer thickness of 64 cm and a median rate of subsidence of 2.5 mm/yr over 2015-2021. While this method requires at least 15 years to translate active layer thickness and subsidence rate into permafrost thawing rate, the method has the advantage to be applicable to any type of permafrost extent or topography. Both methods provide great opportunities to map permafrost dynamics with large temporal and spatial coverage at a fine resolution. This research provides the keys to relate Arctic river hydrograph dynamics and Arctic surface deformation to permafrost thawing rate. Finally, the research transdisciplinarity allows for method comparison and validation. The flexibility and realism of the HGS model allow to compare permafrost-related outputs derived from both simulations and real-catchment hydrograph analysis. In the future, these outputs could be compared to InSAR results
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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