1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Przezskórna cholecystostomia w przypadkach powikłanego ostrego kamiczego zapalenia pęcherzyka żółciowego: rozwiązanie czy odroczenie problemu?
No full textWprowadzenie: Cholecystostomię przezskórną nierzadko stosuje się wspomagająco w leczeniu ciężkiego kamiczego zapalenia pęcherzyka żółciowego, szczególnie u pacjentów niestabilnych i pacjentów z chorobami współistniejącymi. W wyniku nieproporcjonalnie liberalnego stosowania tej techniki obserwuje się tendencję do zastępowania nią ratunkowej cholecystektomii, stanowiącej metodę ostatecznego leczenia.
Cel: Naszym celem było dokonanie oceny krótko- i długoterminowych wyników leczenia pacjentów, u których założono przezskórny dren cholecystostomijny w związku z ciężkim zapaleniem pęcherzyka żółciowego, z myślą o zidentyfikowaniu obszarów poprawy w zakresie praktyk instytucjonalnych obowiązujących w naszej placówce.
Materiał i metody: Przeprowadzono retrospektywny przegląd instytucjonalnej praktyki obejmujący wszystkich pacjentów z przezskórną cholecystostomią, którą wykonywano w przypadkach złożonego kamiczego zapalenia pęcherzyka żółciowego przez 5 lat z uwzględnieniem dodatkowego, rocznego okresu obserwacji kontrolnej.
Wyniki: W ostatecznej analizie uwzględniono 34 pacjentów. Założenie przezskórnej cholecystotomii umożliwiło we wszystkich przypadkach szybką i skuteczną kontrolę źródła posocznicy żółciowej bez większych powikłań okołozabiegowych. U 14 (41,2%) pacjentów cholecystostomia była leczeniem ostatecznym, natomiast w 20 (58,9%) przypadkach służyła jako strategia pomostowa przed wykonaniem odroczonej, planowej cholecystektomii. W grupie pacjentów z odroczoną cholecystektomią obserwowaliśmy wysoki, wynoszący 70%, odsetek konwersji z podejścia laparoskopowego do podejścia otwartego. Odsetek cholecystektomii subtotalnych wyniósł 60%.
Wnioski: Zabiegi cholecystostomii przezskórnej należy rezerwować wyłącznie dla przypadków pacjentów ze złożonym kamiczym zapaleniem pęcherzyka żółciowego, którzy nie wyrażają zgody lub nie kwalifikują się do wykonania operacji chirurgicznej. Opowiadamy się za tym, by we wszystkich pozostałych przypadkach pacjentów z góry poddawać zabiegom cholecystektomii z liberalnym wykorzystaniem strategii ratunkowych typu bailout z uwagi na fakt, że opóźnione operacje planowe i tak charakteryzują się wysokim prawdopodobieństwem konieczności dokonania konwersji do cholecystektomii otwartej i/lub subtotalnego zakresu operacji
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Letter to the Editor : The Hellenic Emergency Laparotomy Study (HELAS) : a prospective multicentre study on the outcomes of emergency laparotomy in Greece
No full textUse of percutaneous cholecystostomy for complicated acute lithiasic cholecystitis: solving or deferring the problem?
No full textIntroduction: Percutaneous cholecystostomies are not infrequently used as an adjunct in the treatment of severe lithiasic cholecystitis, particularly in unstable and comorbid patients. However, their out of proportion liberal use tends to substitute the performance of emergency cholecystectomy, which the definitive treatment.
Aim: Our aim was to assess the short and long-term outcomes of patients who had percutaneous cholecystostomy insertion due to severe lithiasic cholecystitis, aiming to define areas for improvement of our institutional practice.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of our institutional practice including all patients who had a percutaneous cholecystostomy for complex lithiasic cholecystitis, over a 5-year period, allowing for an additional 1-year follow up.
Results: A total of 34 patients were included in our final analysis. Percutaneous cholecystostomy insertion enabled quick and efficient control of the source of biliary sepsis without major procedural complications in all cases. In 14 (41.2%) patients, cholecystostomy alone served as definitive treatment, while in 20 (58.9%) cases it was used as bridging strategy for delayed elective cholecystectomy. In the delayed cholecystectomy group of patients, we noted a high conversion rate from laparoscopic to open surgery rate of 70%, with an overall subtotal cholecystectomy rate of 60%.
Conclusion: Percutaneous cholecystostomies should be reserved only for complex lithiasic cholecystitis patients who are unwilling and/or unfit for surgery. We advocate the performance of upfront emergency cholecystectomy in any other case with liberal use of operative bail-out strategies, as a delayed elective operation is anyway likely to be converted to open and/or subtotal cholecystectomy
Quality of life after cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal surface malignancies: a systematic review.
No full textBACKGROUND
Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) accompanied by Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a promising technique in the treatment of peritoneal metastatic disease. The complexity and the potential adverse effects of the procedure can significantly affect patients' Quality of Life (QoL). Few studies have assessed the impact of CRS + HIPEC in patients' QoL using structured and validated tools. This is a systematic review of the currently available published data, investigating the QoL after performing CRS + HIPEC for tumours of varying primary origin.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the studies indexed in PubMed database until July 2014, using as key phrase "quality of life" and "intraperitoneal chemotherapy", including studies using only validated questionnaires for assessing quality of life parameters.
RESULTS
20 studies were identified that matched the criteria set. The results of these studies, although of significant heterogeneity, clearly demonstrate that although overall QoL scores drop in the immediate postoperative period, at an average of 3 months post procedure they recover to 80%-100% or even exceed baseline values. Furthermore, between 6 and 12 months postoperatively, overall QoL is improved in survivors compared to pre-operative status.
CONCLUSIONS
CRS and HIPEC is feasible as a treatment modality in selected patients with peritoneal metastatic disease and can preserve or even improve patients' overall quality of life
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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