1,720,956 research outputs found
A review of corrosion assessment model and parameters of drinking water distribution pipelines
No full textCorrosion assessment is an important aspect in asset and facilities management. Generally the purpose of corrosion assessment is to assure the activities of the management will be effective and efficient. Lack of corrosion assessment can be decrease the function and reduce the life cycle of assets and facilities caused by corrosion. Corrosion is an electrochemical or chemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties. Even though most of the dangers from corrosion occurs in major industrial plant, corrosion also has a great impact on the drinking water industry. In drinking water distribution pipelines, corrosion damage cause the leakages of distribution pipelines and around 30% of water supplied to consumers is lost. Most of the leakages of drinking water distribution pipelines are initiated by lack of corrosion assessment and poor maintenance because the pipes are usually located underground. To overcome this problem, an effective corrosion assessment method is imperative to get the accurate information about the condition of the pipelines. This will ensure better decisions for repair or replacement of the pipelines before they fail. This review paper describes the corrosion assessment model and the major parameters considered for drinking water distribution pipelines
Masalah dan Solusi Alternatif Pembelajaran Perancangan Elemen Mesin
Full text linkThe purpose of this article is to identify problems and alternative solutions in design of machine elements learning, in order to be used as a guide to development of learning model in the future. This literature review is conducted through searching journal within the scope of machine design learning with google scholar, www.springer.com, www.elsevier.com, www.sagepub.com and international conference proceedings resources. By searching keywords: machine design, machine design learning, teaching and learning of machine design, mechanical design, machine elements, obtained 100 journals and related proceedings, which selected into 79 journals and proceedings that describe the problems and alternative solutions according to the topic of this article. The results of the study shown the main problems in design of machine elements learning is: the learning still apply the traditional method, the sudject materials is not relevant to the field needs, the students do not have sufficient initial knowledge and experience, the lecturers lack experience guiding students to practice, lack of student English skills, the lack of practical exposure of students, and no validated framework for designing instructional development in changing traditional models of instructional design. Furthermore the alternative solutions offered are: make students learn actively and advance the concrete working mode, the course material is directed to design complex system through project engineering program, develop the model of 'joint experiment' study which discuss field problem, design activities done in the laboratory to apply classroom learning into a real world or apply the virtual laboratory modules or interactive laboratory simulations, and learning is done with a team-based hands-on approach, which provides students with practical experience in designing, fabricating and testing the strength and efficient mechanical systems.Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah menemukenali permasalahan dan solusi alternatif dalam perkuliahan Perancangan Elemen Mesin, sehingga dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran selanjutnya. Kajian literatur ini dilakukan melalui penelusuran jurnal dalam lingkup pembelajaran machine design dengan sumber informasi google scholar, www.springer.com, www.elsevier.com, www.sagepub.com dan prosiding konferensi internasional. Dengan kata kunci pencarian: machine design, machine design learning, teaching and learning of machine design, mechanical design, machine elements, diperoleh 100 jurnal dan prosiding terkait, yang diseleksi menjadi 79 jurnal dan prosiding yang memaparkan masalah dan alternatif solusi sesuai materi artikel ini. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan masalah utama dalam pembelajaran Perancangan Elemen Mesin adalah: pembelajaran masih menerapkan metode tradisional, materi kuliah sudah tidak relevan dengan kebutuhan di lapangan, mahasiswa tidak memiliki pengetahuan dan pengalaman awal yang memadai, dosen kurang pengalaman membimbing mahasiswa melaksanakan praktek, rendahnya kemampuan mahasiswa berbahasa Inggris, kurangnya paparan praktis mahasiswa, dan belum ada kerangka yang divalidasi untuk merancang pengembangan instruksional dalam merubah model tradisional desain pembelajaran. Selanjutnya solusi alternatif yang ditawarkan adalah: membuat mahasiswa belajar aktif dan bergeser kemode kerja konkret, materi kuliah diarahkan merancang sistem yang kompleks melalui program rekayasa proyek, mengembangkan model pembelajaran ‘eksperimen bersama’ yang membahas masalah lapangan, kegiatan perancangan dilakukan di laboratorium untuk menerapkan pembelajaran kelas ke lingkungan yang nyata atau dengan modul laboratorium virtual atau simulasi laboratorium interaktif, serta pembelajaran dilakukan dengan pendekatan teknik hands-on berbasis tim, yang memberikan pengalaman praktis kepada mahasiswa dalam perancangan, fabrikasi, dan pengujian sistem mekanis yang kuat dan efisien
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Experimental Study Of The Effect Of Chlorine In Drinking Water Flow On Astm A53 Black Steel Pipe Walls
Full text linkThis study investigates the corrosion rate of black steel pipes (ASTM A53) used in drinking water distribution systems when exposed to chlorinated water over varying immersion times. The research aimed to analyze the impact of chlorine on the corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of black steel pipes. The methodology involved preparing pipe specimens, which were cut, smoothed, and weighed before immersion in a chlorine solution (200 mg in 5 liters of distilled water) with controlled pH levels. The specimens were submerged for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours, with flow rates maintained at 0.625 L/min. Corrosion rates were assessed based on weight loss measurements before and after exposure. The results showed a progressive decrease in specimen weight from 73.5873 grams to 64.4786 grams as immersion time increased, indicating significant material degradation. The pH of the solution also increased from 6 to 7–8, suggesting chemical reactions during corrosion. These findings highlight the role of chlorine concentration, flow capacity, and pH changes in accelerating corrosion, emphasizing the need for water quality management to enhance the durability of piping systems
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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