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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
제 2형 당뇨 환자 유래 유도만능줄기세포와 그로부터 분화된 췌장세포의 미토콘드리아 DNA 돌연변이에 관한 연구
No full text당뇨병은 인슐린 생산 감소 또는 신체의 인슐린 저항성로 인해 혈당 수치가 비정상적으로 상승하는 심각한 질병이다. 최근 몇 년 동안 전 세계적으로 당뇨병의 유병률이 증가했으며 이는 높은 사망률의 원인 중 하나이다. 현재 당뇨병에 대한 질병 모델링 또는 치료제로서 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포(iPSC)를 이용한 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 그러나 당뇨환자 유래의 iPSC의 미토콘드리아 게놈(mtDNA)의 돌연변이가 어떤 경향으로 나타나는지는 아직 연구되지 않았고 이러한 mtDNA 돌연변이가 인슐린을 분비하는 췌장 베타세포로의 분화 및 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지는 정확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 우리는 3명의 2형 당뇨병(T2D) 환자와 당뇨병이 아닌 환자 3명에서 섬유아세포, 혈액 세포 및 췌장 세포를 수집하고 iPSC를 수립하여 mtDNA 돌연변이를 분석하였다. T2D-iPSCs에서 mtDNA의 돌연변이는 조직이나 환자 사이에서 특정한 경향 없이 무작위로 발견되었으며 환자간 공유 돌연변이는 발견되지 않았다. T2D-iPSC 클론 중 62% (21/34)는 한 개 이상의 mtDNA 돌연변이를 갖고 있었으며, 그 중 37%는 돌연변이 수준이 100%인 homoplasmy였고 비당뇨병에서 homoplasmic mtDNA 돌연변이는 8%에 불과했다. 또한, 높은 heteroplasmic mtDNA 돌연변이를 가진 클론은 정상 유전형에 비해 낮은 mtDNA 복제 수를 보였다.
다음으로 우리는 정상 유전형을 갖는 iPSC와 돌연변이를 갖는 iPSC를 선택해 췌장 세포로 분화하여 mtDNA 돌연변이가 췌장 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 돌연변이 iPSC로부터 분화한 췌장 전구 세포의 췌장 발달 관련 유전자 및 단백질 발현은 정상 유전형에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 또한, mtDNA 돌연변이를 갖는 분화 췌장세포에서 미토콘드리아 호흡과 해당과정 및 TCA 회로 관련 대사 산물 수준이 정상 유전형에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 돌연변이 세포주는 인슐린 분비가 정상에 비해 감소하였으며 글루코스에 반응하여 인슐린 분비가 증가하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 당뇨병 환자의 iPSC를 이용한 질병 모델링 또는 자가 세포 치료를 위한 췌장 세포 분화 이전에 mtDNA 돌연변이를 스크리닝하는 것이 필수적임을 시사한다.
|Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease in which blood sugar levels rise abnormally because of failed insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. In recent years, the prevalence of DM has increased worldwide, which is one of the causes of high mortality. Many studies have been conducted using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a disease modeling and potential treatment for DM. However, whether mitochondria genome (mtDNA) abnormalities in iPSCs affected β-cell differentiation and function has not been investigated. First, we established a more effective and xeno-free pluripotent stem cell culture using fasudil, which is safe and cost-effective, instead of Y-27632, a rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor commonly used for pluripotent stem cell culture. Then, we collected iPSCs from fibroblasts, PBMCs, and pancreatic cells of three type 2 DM (T2D) patients and three patients with non-diabetes counterparts and analyzed mtDNA mutations. The mtDNA mutations in T2D-iPSCs were detected randomly without any tendency among tissues or patients, and there were no shared mutations. The 62% (21/34) of T2D-iPSC lines harbored various mtDNA mutations, of which 37% were homoplasmy at 100% mutation level compared to only 8% in non-diabetes. In addition, clones with high heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations had low mtDNA copy numbers. We selected iPSC lines that were either wild-type or mutant mtDNA and differentiated into pancreatic cells. The expression of mRNA and protein of pancreatic development-related genes was significantly lower with mtDNA mutations compared with that of the wild type. In addition, the oxygen consumption rates and metabolite levels were significantly lower in the mtDNA mutant cells. Furthermore, the mutant cell lines exhibited decreased production of insulin and reduced secretion of insulin in response to glucose. Overall, the results suggest that screening for mtDNA mutations in iPSCs from type 2 DM patients is an essential step in pancreatic cell differentiation for disease modeling or autologous cell therapy.Docto
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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