78 research outputs found
Variations in Commissural Input Processing Across Different Types of Cortical Projection Neurons
No full text© The Author(s) 2021. To understand how incoming cortical inputs are processed by different types of cortical projection neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, we compared intrinsic physiological properties of and commissural excitatory/inhibitory influences on layer 5 intratelencephalic (IT), layer 5 pyramidal tract (PT), and layers 2/3 IT projection neurons. We found that intrinsic physiological properties and commissural synaptic transmission varied across the three types of projection neurons. The rank order of intrinsic excitability was layer 5 PT > layer 5 IT > layers 2/3 IT neurons. Commissural connectivity was higher in layers 2/3 than layer 5 projection neurons, but commissural excitatory influence was stronger on layer 5 than layers 2/3 pyramidal neurons. Paired-pulse ratio was also greater in PT than IT neurons. These results indicate that commissural inputs activate deep layer PT neurons most preferentially and superficial layer IT neurons least preferentially. Deep layer PT neurons might faithfully transmit cortical input signals to downstream subcortical structures for reliable control of behavior, whereas superficial layer IT neurons might integrate cortical input signals from diverse sources in support of higher-order cognitive functions.11Nsciescopu
The sen1(+) gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a homologue of budding yeast SEN1, encodes an RNA and DNA helicase
No full textTwo polynucleotide-dependent ATPases, 95 and 181 kDa in size, have been purified to near homogeneity from cell-free extracts of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Despite their size differences, their biochemical properties were strikingly similar. Both enzymes were capable of unwinding RNA and DNA duplexes in keeping with their ability to hydrolyze ATP in the presence of either ribo- or deoxyribopolynucleotide, In addition, they were capable of unwinding DNA/RNA or RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes and translocated in the 5' to 3' direction. These results strongly indicate that they are closely related to each other. Determination of the partial amino acid sequence of the 95-kDa enzyme revealed that it is encoded by the sen1(+) gene, an S. pombe homologue of yeast SEN1, a protein essential for the processing of small nucleolar RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. The molecular weight of the S. pombe Sen1 protein (SpSen1p) predicted from the sen1(+) open reading frame was 192.5 kDa, suggesting that the 181-kDa enzyme is likely to be a full-length protein, whereas the 95-kDa polypeptide has arisen by proteolysis. In accord with this possibility, polyclonal antibodies specific to the C-terminal region of sen1(+) cross-reacted with both 95- and 181-kDa polypeptides. We discuss the biochemical activities associated with SpSen1p and their relevance to the apparently divergent functions ascribed to the yeast Sen1 protein in RNA metabolism
Selective engagement of prefrontal VIP neurons in reversal learning
No full textTo gain insights into neural mechanisms enabling behavioral adaptations to complex and multidimensional environmental dynamics, we examined roles of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing neurons in mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in probabilistic reversal learning. Behaviorally, manipulating VIP neuronal activity left probabilistic classical conditioning unaffected but severely impaired reversal learning. Physiologically, conditioned cue-associated VIP neuronal responses changed abruptly after encountering an unexpected reward. They also conveyed strong reward prediction error signals during behavioral reversal, but not before or after, unlike pyramidal neurons that consistently conveyed error signals throughout all phases. Furthermore, the signal's persistence across trials correlated with reversal learning duration. These results suggest that mPFC VIP neurons play crucial roles in rapid reversal learning, but not in gradual value updating under stable probabilistic contingencies, by monitoring salient deviations from ongoing environmental contingencies and imposing error-correction signals during behavioral adjustments. These findings shed light on the intricate cortical circuit dynamics underpinning behavioral flexibility in complex, multifaceted environments.
Appropriations of Irish drama by modern Korean nationalist theatre : a focus on the influence of Sean O’Casey in a colonial context
No full textMy thesis explores how a translated author on the periphery of the host culture’s
translated repertoire can be at once subversive and innovative on the colonial scene,
using as an example the case of Sean O’Casey in colonial Korea. It explores the
importation of Irish drama in modern Korean theatre during the colonial period and
examines the appropriations of O’Casey’s plays by a central Korean playwright, Yu
Chi-jin, in creating his own plays. Under Japanese colonial rule in the early twentieth
century, intellectuals perceived the supreme task for the Korean people to be the
recovery of national sovereignty and independence. The modern Korean theatre
movement which rose among Korean intellectuals and dramatists during the colonial
period was to play a major part in this task. The ultimate goal of this movement was
to establish a modern national theatre promoting Korean culture and educating the
people, thereby recovering national independence. As their modernised dramatic
polysystem was still "young", Korean intellectuals and dramatists who were
involved in the theatre movement had to borrow dramatic models from other
countries. One of the models they chose was Irish playwrights, especially those who
were involved in the Irish dramatic movement. They published or staged the works
of W.B. Yeats, Lord Dunsany [Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett], Augusta
Gregory, J.M. Synge, St. J. Ervine, T.C. Murray and Sean O'Casey. Although
O'Casey was considered an important dramatist in the Irish dramatic movement, he
was a playwright on the periphery in the list of translated Irish dramatists in Korea
due to the colonisers’ censorship. However, he remained as a subversive and
innovative playwright on the colonial scene by virtue of being appropriated by Yu
Chi-jin who used O’Casey’s plays as models when creating his own works. In
discussing the subject matter of my thesis, I use Even Zohar’s polysystems theory as
a starting point in looking at ideological issues surrounding translation and extend
the discussion to offer a postcolonial perspective. While most translation in a
colonial context was considered as "an expression of the cultural power of the
colonisers," my thesis shifts the focus to translation as an expression of the cultural
power of the colonised. I explore how the colonised uses another colonised culture to
subvert the colonisers’ power
Role of Ultrafast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Breast Cancer Prognostication: Correlation Between Early Kinetic Parameters and Tumor Aggressiveness and Histopathologic Characteristics
No full textPurpose To evaluate whether early kinetic parameters from ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced
(DCE) MRI correlate with the histopathological and morphological features of tumors.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively included 101 women with breast cancer (103
lesions; 85 invasive and 18 in situ) who underwent preoperative ultrafast DCE-MRI using
compressed sensing between January 2020 and July 2022. Two radiologists assessed early
kinetic parameters, time to enhancement (TTE) and maximum slope (MS), from the timeintensity
curves. These were compared with prognostic factors.
Results TTE was significantly shorter in tumors ≥2 cm (p = 0.001), invasive carcinomas (vs.
carcinoma in situ; p = 0.003), estrogen receptor-negative tumors (p = 0.044), tumors with
axillary lymph node metastasis (p = 0.021), and histological grade 3 tumors (vs. grade 1/2;
p = 0.029). Higher MS was associated with tumors ≥2 cm (p = 0.008) and invasive carcinomas
(p = 0.007). Multivariate regression confirmed tumor size ≥2 cm (p = 0.004 for TTE, p = 0.010 for MS) and invasive carcinoma (p = 0.012 for TTE, p = 0.015 for MS) as independent predictors
of shorter TTE and higher MS. Inter-reader agreement for TTE and MS measurements was excellent,
with intraclass correlation coefficient values of 0.951 and 0.879, respectively.
Conclusion Early kinetic parameters from ultrafast DCE-MRI strongly correlated with certain clinicopathological
prognostic factors of breast cancer
Child mortality of twins and singletons among late preterm and term birth: a study of national linked birth and under-five mortality data of Korea
No full text© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Twins involve a higher risk of perinatal complications compared to singletons. We compared the risk of under five mortality between twins and singletons among late preterm and term births. The national birth data of South Korea pertaining to the years 2010–2014 linked with the mortality record of children aged under 5 years in 2010–2019 was analyzed. The final study population was 2,199,632 singletons and 62,351 twins. We conducted a survival analysis of under-five mortality with adjustment for neonatal and familial factors. Overall under-five mortality rates during the study period were 3.6 and 2.0 for twins and singletons, respectively. Although the unadjusted overall under-five mortality was higher in twins (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57, 2.06, overall risk), twin birth was associated with comparable or lower risk (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.85, overall; 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.87, excluding neonatal mortality; 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86, excluding infant mortality) after controlling for both neonatal and familial factors. Twins born at a gestational age of 34–35 weeks showed a generally lower risk of under-five mortality than their singleton counterparts, regardless of model specification. Conclusion: Among late preterm and term birth, under-5-year mortalities for twins were lower than singleton births when adjusted for neonatal and familial risk factors. This highlights the differential implication of gestational age at birth between twin and singleton in the child mortality.N
Upper Limb Pain and Paresthesia in a Post-Stroke Patient Treated with Ultrasound-Guided Electrical Twitch-Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation (ETOIMS) of Scalene Muscles
No full textA Study on Establishing and Supporting of S&T Global Policy Service
No full textfunder : 미래창조과학부funder : KAagency : 한국과학기술기획평가원agency : Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and PlanningⅢ. 연구의 내용 및 범위
□ 과학기술정책정보 수집·공동활용 체제 구축
○ 최신 글로벌 과학기술정책 동향정보 모니터링 및 수집
- 9대 과학기술 정책분류(과학기술전략, 기초연구진흥, 핵심 R&D 분야, 그린테크놀로지, 산학연 협력, 과학기술인력, 과학기술 국제화, 과학기술문화/삶의질, 기술혁신지원)에 따른 글로벌 S&T 정책동향을 상시 모니터링·수집
- 미래 유망기술 발굴 및 탐색, 기술 분야별 최신 R&D 정책 현황, 과학문화, 산학연 협력 및 국제협력 등에 대한 해외 정책 동향 모니터링
○ 글로벌 과학기술이슈를 분석한 이슈분석정보 보고 및 서비스
- KISTEP, STEPI 등 관련 유관기관과의 정보 공동 협력 및 연계 협조를 기반으로 탐색적, 전략적, 창의적 이슈분석 정보 제공
- 2010년도 최신 글로벌 과학기술정책 동향 및 트랜드를 한눈에 파악할 수 있는 『글로벌 S&T 정책동향·분석 2010-2011』기획 및 발간
○ 과학기술정책정보시스템 구축 및 운영 유지
- 정책지원의 핵심 인프라인 과학기술정책정보시스템(S&T GPS)과 전문가 네트워크 시스템(S&T GPS 네트워크)의 구축·운영·유지·관리
- 최신 글로벌 과학기술정책정보를 언제, 어디서나 볼 수 있도록 실시간으로 서비스하는 주간 과학기술정책동향지『NOWZINE』웹진 발행 및 서비스
□ 수요자 지향의 월간 S&T 포커스 발행 및 서비스
○ 과학기술 초점 인물 인터뷰 및 R&D 현장·성과 소개
- 매달 이슈나 과학계 공헌자 등의 인물을 전문가의 취재기사를 통해 보다 쉽게 전달
- 주요 정책 정보기사로 정책에 대한 인지도 향상 및 국민과의 양방향 커뮤니케이션 도모
- 사회적·경제적으로 파급효과가 큰 성과물을 체계적으로 소개함으로써 연구 개발에 있어 지속적인 투자가 갖는 의미를 간접적으로 전달
○ 과학기술 관련 부처의 정책 및 미래기술 소개
- 과학기술과 관련된 주목할 만한 통계자료를 그래프로 시각화함으로써 보다 간단명료하게 정보를 제공
- 국내외 주요 과학기술예측조사기관이 발표한 기술예측을 기반으로 미래 과학기술의 흐름을 분석하고, 21세기를 바꾸어놓을 기술을 심층 연구Ⅲ. Research Contents and Scope
○ Formulation and operation of S&T global policy system for the purpose of collecting, producing and using innovation informations
- We monitor global S&T policy trends at all times focusing S&T policy 9 fields Strategy, basic research, R&D, green technology, cooperation, human, globalization, culture and life, innovation Providing analysis information ○ of global S&T issue
- We provide the essential S&T policy information cooperating with related organization such as KISTEP and STEPI
○ Publication of S&T Focus for S&T policy information consumers every month
- We introduce important scientist or engineer as well as R&D site or result.
- We give the future technology information or S&T polic
Coronary artery anomalies: Classification and ECG-gated multi-detector row CT findings with angiographic correlation
No full textCongenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries are an uncommon but important cause of chest pain and, in some cases of hemodynamically significant abnormalities, sudden cardiac death. For several decades, premorbid diagnosis of coronary artery anomalies has been made with conventional angiography. However, this imaging technique has limitations due to its projectional and invasive nature. The recent development of electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) allows accurate and noninvasive depiction of coronary artery anomalies of origin, course, and termination. Multi-detector row CT is superior to conventional angiography in delineating the ostial origin and proximal path of an anomalous coronary artery. Familiarity with the CT appearances of various coronary artery anomalies and an understanding of the clinical significance of these anomalies are essential in making a correct diagnosis and planning patient treatment.ope
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