40,661 research outputs found
High resolution CO2 concentration in East Asia from 2009 to 2018
No full textHigh resolution CO2 concentration dataset in East Asia is developed for the period of 2009-18 by Min-Gyung Seo and Dr. Hyun Mee Kim in Yonsei University in South Korea. The netCDF file contains monthly mean CO2 concentration, monthly mean biogenic CO2 concentration, and monthly mean anthropogenic CO2 concentration
Fabrication of 1D metal oxide nanostructures using glancing angle deposition for high performance gas sensors
No full textGas sensors based on metal-oxide-semiconductors are predominantly used in numerous applications including monitoring indoor air quality and detecting harmful substances such as volatile organic compounds. Nanostructures, e.g., nanoparticles, nanotubes, nano- domes, or nanofibers, have been widely utilized to improve the gas sensing properties of metal-oxide-semiconductors by increasing theeffective surface area participating in the surface reaction with target gas molecules. Recently, 1-dimensional (1D) metal oxide nano-structures fabricated using glancing angle deposition (GAD) method with e-beam evaporation have been widely employed to increasethe surface-to-volume ratio significantly with large-area uniformity and reproducibility, leading to promising gas sensing properties.
Herein, we provide a brief overview of 1D metal oxide nanostructures fabricated using GAD and their gas sensing properties in terms of fabrication methods, morphologies, and additives. Moreover, the gas sensing mechanisms and perspectives are presented.N
Pressure drop and heat transfer correlations for triangular folded fin heat sinks
No full textExperiments have been performed to investigate the cooling performance of triangular folded fin heat sinks made of 6000 series aluminum in a duct flow. The dimension of the triangular folded fin heat sink is 70 mm in width and 92 min in length with an 8-mm-thick base plate. The fin height is varied from 19 to 36 mm and the fin pitch from 5.0 to 9.0 mm. The duct air velocity is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 m/s and the corresponding Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter is varied from 212 to 1974. The experimental results show that the cooling performance of triangular folded fin heat sink is influenced by the fin pitch, the Reynolds number, and the fin height. It increases substantially as the fin pitch decreases and the Reynolds number and the fin height increase. By compiling the experimental data, the heat transfer and the friction factor correlations with +/- 6.5% and +/- 20% accuracy, respectively, are provided for effective design of triangular folded fin heat sinks
Jullienula erinae Yang & Seo & Min & Grischenko & Gordon 2018, n. sp.
No full textJullienula erinae n. sp. (Figs 20–27) Etymology. The species name honours the daughter of Prof. Ji Eun Seo. Material examined. Holotype: NIBRIV0000805951, W of Cheongsan Island, South Sea, 34.1585° N, 126.7689° E, 29 July 2016, 42 m. Paratype: NIBRIV0000805952, Cheongpodae, Yellow Sea coast, 36.6334° N, 126.2997° E, 26 May 2017, low tide zone. Other material: Baengnyeong Island: Hwadong, 2 colonies; Junghwadong 86 colonies; Dumujin 169 colonies; Gobongpo, 13 colonies; Jinchon, 25 colonies. West coast: Cheongpodae, 3 colonies. South Sea: Cheongsan Island, 1 colony. Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, large, up to 80 mm across, transparent with yellowish tinge, colony margin with deep-yellow pigment granules. Autozooids more or less elongate-oval or with angular proximal end, widest about mid-length. Frontal shield comprising 8–10 (mostly nine) costae, pinnate except in suboral pair (Figs 20–21), the latter more or less parallel-sided, the rest triangular, opposing pairs meeting at weakly defined irregular median suture line; 3–5 slit-like lacunae between adjacent costae. First pair of costae each with rounded lobe extending half-length of orifice on each side. 2–3 pseudopores on all lateral costae; proximal triangular costae generally with only one pseudopore. No gymnocyst; costae originate at zooid margin. Orifices campanuliform, dimorphic. Autozooidal orifice somewhat parallel-sided, with cowl-like distal rim, the proximal ends of which serve as condyles; poster broader than anter, with straight or weakly concave proximal margin. No oral spines. No avicularia. Primary female orifice wider than autozooidal orifice, partly concealed by proximal ooecial margin, lateral margins oblique, diverging proximally. Ooecium reduced in size, scarcely elevated, forming an arch around orifice that meets first pair of costae (Figs 24–25, 27), smooth, typically with 3 pseudopores in distal half, occasionally with an additionally smaller pore on each side in proximal half. Embryo pale orangeyellow. Basal pore-chambers absent; uniporous septula in lateral walls. Ancestrula not seen. Measurements. ZL, 444–579 (501) µm; ZW, 247–346 (304) µm; OrL, 113–126 (120) µm; OrW, 112–125 (120) µm; OoL 78–106 (89) µm; OoW 185–243 (214) µm. Remarks. Jullienula erinae sp. nov. resembles the type species of the genus, Jullienula hippocrepis (Hincks, 1882), in having three pseudopores in the reduced ooecium; Soule et al. (1995) interpreted these as a pair of costal pores and an intercostal pore and that the ooecium is derived from modified costae. Jullienula erinae sp. nov. differs from J. hippocrepis in having more-obviously dimorphic orifices, narrower ooecia and more pseudopores in each costa. Hirose (2010) illustrated by SEM the Japanese species Cribrilina ortmanni Silén, 1941. This is yet another species of Jullienula, which differs from J. erinae sp. nov. in lacking costal and ooecial pseudopores. At Cheongpodae, colonies were seen with embryos in late May (late spring). Distribution. Yellow Sea: Cheongpodae; South Sea: W of Cheongsan Island. Depth 0–42 m.Published as part of Yang, Ho Jin, Seo, Ji Eun, Min, Bum Sik, Grischenko, Andrei V. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea, pp. 216-234 in Zootaxa 4377 (2) on pages 224-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/116397
Lee, Seo-Ho
No full text학위논문(석사)----아주대학교 산업대학원 :정보전자공학과,2008. 2본 논문에서는 범용으로 사용되고 있는 정방형 타입의 LED(Light emitting diode)의 신뢰성을 평가하기 위한 가속수명시험을 다루고 있다. 정격 전류 20 mA의 고휘도 LED를 시료로 선정하였으며, 가속변수로 온도를 설정하였다. 2개의 시험수준 70℃ 및 90℃에 22개 시료를 1400시간 동안 시험을 하였으며, 정해진 시점에서 시료의 광특성을 측정하여 수명데이터를 수집하였다. 이때 시료의 광출력값(휘도)이 초기대비 60%로 감소하면 고장으로 판정하였다.
와이블분포-아레니우스 모형을 가정하고 수명데이터를 분석하여 사용조건에서의 고휘도 LED 수명을 예측하였으며, 고휘도 LED의 수명이 온도에 의하여 가속됨을 확인하였고 정상상태에서 수명을 예측한 결과를 분석하였다.Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 = 4
A. LED의 이론적 고찰 = 4
1. LED의 기본 개념 및 원리 = 4
2. LED의 발광효율 = 6
B. Escape cone 해석 이론 = 9
C. 가속수명시험의 이론적 고찰 = 16
1. 가속수명시험 = 16
2. 가속계수 = 18
3. 가속수명시험 모형 = 20
Ⅲ. 고휘도 LED 가속수명시험 = 29
A. 고휘도 LED의 온도특성에 대한 시뮬레이션 = 29
1. 고휘도 LED 모델링 = 29
2. 고휘도 LED 시뮬레이션 = 31
3. 온도변화에 따른 고휘도 LED 출력특성 = 32
B. 시료선정 및 시험조건 = 34
1. 시료의 선정 = 34
2. 시험조건 = 37
3. 시험장치 = 39
Ⅳ. 시험결과 및 분석 = 42
A. 가속시험 결과 = 42
1. 고휘도 LED 특성측정결과 = 42
2. 가속시험 데이터 = 45
B. 가속시험 데이터 분석 = 50
1. 70℃에서의 가속시험 데이터 분석 = 50
2. 70℃에서의 가속시험 데이터 분석 = 54
3. 가속계수에 의한 수명예측 = 58
Ⅴ. 결론 = 61
참고문헌 = 62Maste
표면 형상 측정기
No full textA surface shape measuring device includes a substrate, an electrode portion including at least one electrode pattern, the electrode pattern extending on the substrate, a coating layer on the substrate to cover the electrode pattern, and a detector electrically connected to the electrode pattern and detecting a change in a physical quantity of the electrode pattern generated by the deformation of the substrate or the coating layer by an external load applied thereto
Flustrellidra armata Grischenko, Seo & Min, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textFlustrellidra armata sp. nov. (Figs 2–4) Diagnosis. Colony erect, branching, bilamellar, arising from an encrusting, unilaminar basal portion, the erect flabellate lobes undulating along their margins, which are lined by kenozooids with conical spines. Autozooids elongate, arranged alternately, with subterminal transversely oval bilabiate orifice; interspersed with small kenozooids with simple, pointed spines, 1–6 along each lateral margin. Mature zooids with one to three similar kenozooids separating maternal and daughter zooids. Large, vicarious kenozooids with long spines scattered throughout colony, their spines tubular, weakly branched. Encrusting basal portion composed of spineless, inflated kenozooids of irregular shape. Type material. Holotype: NIBRIV0000100504, one intact colony, collected 30 August 1996 at rocky shore of Mijo by J. E. Seo, H. J. Kil and J. H. Yoo. Paratype: NIBRIV0000100505, one intact colony, same data as for holotype. Additional material examined. One specimen, intertidal, Mipo, 23 December 1976, collected by J. W. Lee. One specimen, intertidal, Mipo, 10 December 1981, collected by J. E. Seo. One specimen, intertidal, Samcheonpo, 23 September 1984, collected by B. J. Rho, J. H. Park, S. Shin, and J. E. Seo. Twenty-six specimens, intertidal, Mokdo, 11 August 1995, collected by J. E. Seo. Three specimens, intertidal, Mijo, 30 August 1996, collected by J. E. Seo, H. J. Kil and J. H. Yoo. Four specimens, intertidal, Sangju, 30 August 1996, collected by J. E. Seo, J. H. Yoo, and H. J. Kil. Two specimens, intertidal, Cheokdo, 13 June 1999, collected by J. E. Seo. Twenty-two specimens, intertidal, Daechilgido, 13 June 1999, collected by J. E. Seo. Thirty-three specimens, intertidal, Jangji, 18 August 2000, collected by J. E. Seo, S. J. Seo, and Y. H. Gong. One specimen, intertidal, Seosang, 3 November 2002, collected by J. E. Seo. Three specimens, intertidal, Songgo, 18 August 2000, collected by J. E. Seo, S. J. Seo, and Y. H. Gong. Three specimens, depth 10–15 m, rocky bottom, Jisimdo, 17 October 2007, collected by B. S. Min using SCUBA. Seventy-three specimens, depth 10–15 m, rocky bottom, Naedo, 17 October 2007, collected by B. S. Min using SCUBA. Fifty-three specimens, depth 10–15 m, rocky bottom, Oedo, 17 October 2007, collected by B. S. Min using SCUBA. Seventy-five specimens, depth 20 m, rocky bottom, Namyeodo, 19 October 2007, collected by B. S. Min using SCUBA. Etymology. The species name derives from the Latin armatus (protected), referring to the armament of colony provided by numerous kenozooidal spines. Description. Colony erect, branching, flexible, with numerous strap-shaped to flabellate lobes, rounded and undulate at growing margins (Fig. 2 A, B); up to 12.5 cm in height, but usually 6.5–8.5 cm; attached to substratum by encrusting, unilaminar basal plate, up to 1.4 x 2.2 cm in size. Up to 7 closely appressed stalks arranged in parallel planes can arise from single basal plate (Fig. 2 B). Branches of independent trunks mutually interlaced, giving bushy appearance to colony. Young colonies are yellowish, grayish, or pale brown, with whitish zone comprising 3–5 generations of developing zooids on periphery of terminal branches. Mature colonies brownish to flesh-coloured, with dark-brown to reddish fringing zone of marginal kenozooids along entire periphery, except for stalk. Branches slender, 5–17 mm wide, 1.1–1.8 mm thick (without spines). Lobes bilamellar without interposed medullary kenozooidal layer. Zooids oval to rounded-rectangular, elongate, arranged alternately in distinct series. Grooves distinct between young zooids, when not occupied by kenozooids (Fig. 4 A). Frontal surface smooth, inflated, semitransparent, yellowish to brownish, chitinous. Orifice (Fig. 4 B) subterminal, raised, transversely elongate, bilabiate, roughly oval to rectangular in outline, with thickened, chitinous proximal labium, brown in color. Along each lateral zooidal margin are small kenozooids with circular to oval base and a sharp simple spine directed upwards or slightly tilted toward zooid. Young zooids (Fig. 4 A, B) have 1–2 pairs of distal kenozooids, each with a sharp spine pointing upwards, flanking orifice; 1–3 similar kenozooids successively developing more proximally along each lateral margin (Fig. 4 C, D). Zooids in mature colony regions (Fig. 4 E, F) interspersed with single or double series of 4–6 kenozooids each, with parallel or alternating arrangement and with pointed, straight or slightly tilted spines; in addition, there are 1–3 small kenozooids, each with a minute, slightly curved spine, between maternal and daughter zooids. Thus, old zooids can be entirely surrounded by small kenozooids. With age and increasing chitinization, all kenozooidal spines acquire a dark-brown color that contrasts with the zooidal surface. Large vicarious kenozooids scattered throughout colony, these oval, hexagonal, or rhombic in shape with strongly convex frontal surface (Fig. 3 B); occasionally arranged as compact groups in limited areas on colony surface (Fig. 3 A). A hollow, tubular spine (Fig. 3 A–C, F, G), dark brown in color, sharply contrasting with brownish colony surface, originates from center of each vicarious kenozooid. Spines straight to slightly curved in middle, orientated vertically or tilted slightly distally or distolaterally. Majority of spines weakly branching terminally into 2–5 short spurs, without secondary branches; some lack distinct ramifications and have a slightly pointed or blunt tip. Most spines gradually taper from base to tip, but some are enlarged in middle and appear spindle-shaped; others are entirely elongate-cylindrical. Occasionally, a spine narrows moderately in middle and is secondary enlarged near tip, at point of ramification. Bases of large kenozooids flanked by 2–5 minute kenozooids along each lateral margin, each with short, pointed spine directed laterally and upwards. Marginal kenozooids very irregular in shape and size, arranged along entire lateral and terminal margins of branches (Fig. 3 D–F). At terminal end of growing branches, kenozooids fringe the zone of developing zooids (Fig. 3 B). Along margins, kenozooids of opposite layers develop complementarily, side by side (Fig. 3 D), and partly overlap each other; each has a conical spine with pointed tip, oriented 20–80 ° from frontal plane. Encrusting basal plate and stalk of colony (Fig. 4 G, H) composed entirely of inflated kenozooids that are hexagonal, oval, roughly quadrangular, or irregular in shape, with distinct raised boundaries, not intercalated with small, spinous kenozooids. Polypide with 18 tentacles. Measurements. ZL, 0.62–1.03 (0.81 ± 0.09). ZW, 0.32–0.51 (0.39 ± 0.05). OrL, 0.14–0.23 (0.18 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.27–0.35 (0.31 ± 0.02). Kz(s)L, 0.05–0.20 (0.12 ± 0.04). Kz(s)W, 0.04–0.15 (0.09 ± 0.03). Kz(l)L, 0.45–0.83 (0.64 ± 0.12). Kz(l)W, 0.35–0.58 (0.45 ± 0.06). Kz(m)L, 0.22–0.43 (0.31 ± 0.07). Kz(m)W, 0.18– 0.35 (0.27 ± 0.06). Kz(bp)L, 0.37–0.63 (0.51 ± 0.07). Kz(bp)W, 0.26–0.43 (0.33 ± 0.05). Kzs(s)L, 0.13–0.42 (0.25 ± 0.09). Kzs(l)L, 0.67–1.62 (1.19 ± 0.27). Kzs(m)L, 0.30–0.97 (0.53 ± 0.19). Remarks. Flustrellidra armata most resembles its Japanese congener F. stolonifera (Okada, 1921) in having a similar erect, branching, strap-shaped colony form; zooids interspersed by small lateral kenozooids with sharp, simple spines; and very large vicarious kenozooids bearing tubular branching spines. However, F. armata differs from the latter in the following combination of characters: (1) the number of minute, spiny kenozooids separating neighboring zooids along the lateral margins successively increases in F. a r m a t a with age from one or two to five or six, whereas F. stolonifera has only one pair of angular kenozooids flanking the orifice, and rarely one additional pair proximolaterally; (2) the double series of kenozooids between zooids in mature regions of the F. a r m a t a colony is absent in F. stolonifera; (3) the proximal kenozooids that separate maternal and daughter zooids of F. a r m a t a have not been reported in F. stolonifera; (4) branch margins of F. armata are fringed along their whole length with marginal kenozooids having a conical spines, while the margins are edged with spineless zooids in F. stolonifera; (5) spines of the vicarious kenozooids of F. a r m a t a are scarcely branched and only at the very tip, without secondary ramification, whereas the homologous spines in F. stolonifera are divided into two to six tine-like branches (see Okada 1921, text-fig. 1; Mawatari 1953, text-fig. 3). An eastern-Pacific species, F. s p i n i f e r a (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923), also forms erect colonies, having strap-shaped bilamellar lobes and large kenozooids with long, sparsely branched spines (holotype specimen illustrated by d’Hondt 1983, pls 1, 2), some of which are superficially similar to those in F. a r m a t a. However, the spine branches are always longer and the ramification is deeper than in the vicarious kenozooidal spines of F. armata. In addition, all kenozooids of F. spinifera are of the same type, located distally to each zooid, whereas in F. a r m a t a large vicarious kenozooids are scattered over the colony surface and small, circular kenozooids with a simple spine are always present. Ecology. The majority of colonies of F. a r m a t a collected intertidally support a diverse association of other sessile benthic forms. Most colonies observed were covered with hydroids, sponges, tubes of sabellid polychaetes, barnacles, ascidians, brachiopods, green and red algae (including articulate coralline algae), and other bryozoans, including species of Lichenopora, Alcyonidium, Cauloramphus, Figularia, Hippothoa, Watersipora, Fenestrulina, Microporella, Pacificincola, Celleporaria, and Celleporina. Among the bryozoans, colonies of Celleporaria were the most frequent and abundant, forming thick nodules around the branch stems of F. a r m a t a. Occasionally, errant polychaetes, pycnogonids, and the shells of juvenile gastropods and oysters were noticed between the appressed branch trunks of colonies. We observed in the field that populations of F. a r m a t a are patchy in the upper subtidal zone but have a high of coverage of substrata on rocky bottoms at depths of 10–20 m at some sites. These deeper colonies likewise provide a habitat for a variety of subtidal benthic organisms. We saw dozens of caprellid and other amphipod crustaceans associated with colonies of F. a r m a t a. The majority of colonies were densely covered by hydroids, green and red algae (both encrusting and articulate coralline algae), sponges, barnacles, tubes of sabellid polychaetes, and other bryozoans, including species of Crisia, Lichenopora, Alcyonidium, Cellaria, Beania, Catenicella, Escharoides, Pacificincola, Celleporaria, and Celleporina. In some cases, we found juvenile mytilids, oysters, decapods, errant polychaetes, and pycnogonids between branches of of F. a r m a t a colonies, and groups of small scleractinians attached to the basal region of colonies. Distribution. Flustrellidra armata is currently known along more than 300 km of the southern shoreline of the Korean Peninsula, facing the western passage of the Korea Strait, between Mipo (35 ° 36 ’ N, 129 ° 27 ’ E) in the northeast and Mokdo (34 ° 10 ’ N, 126 ° 34 ’ E) in the southwest. Accordingly, F. a r m a t a can be categorized as a Pacific-Asian, low-Boreal to Subtropical, intertidal to upper-subtidal species.Published as part of Grischenko, Andrei V., Seo, Ji Eun & Min, Bum Sik, 2010, Flustrellidra armata (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida) — a new species from the southern shoreline of Korea, pp. 25-35 in Zootaxa 2684 on pages 27-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19941
터치 센서와 포스 센서의 동일 평면 상 집적 방법
No full textA touch input device which detects a touch position and a touch pressure magnitude may be provided that includes: a display module; a first electrode and a second electrode which are disposed on the display module and are spaced apart from each other; a spacer layer which is formed on the display module and covers the first electrode and the second electrode; and a transparent ground electrode which is disposed on the spacer layer and is formed of a material having transparency. A distance between the transparent ground electrode and the display module is changed by inputting a touch on the transparent ground electrode, and a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode is changed by the distance change. The position of the touch and the pressure magnitude of the touch are detected based on the changed capacitance
Recurrence speed of multiples of an irrational number
No full textLet 0 < <theta> < 1 be irrational and T(<theta>)x = x + theta mod 1 on (0, 1). Consider the partition Q(n) = {((i-1)/2(n), i/2(n)) : 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to 2(n)} and let Q(n)(x) denote the interval in Q(n) containing x. Define two versions of the first return time: J(n)(x) = min{j greater than or equal to 1 : parallel tox - T(theta)(j)x parallel to = parallel toj . theta parallel to < 1/2(n)} where <parallel>t parallel to = min(n is an element ofZ) vertical bart -n vertical bar, and K-n(x) = min{j greater than or equal to 1 : T-theta(j) x is an element of Q(n)(x)}. We show that log J(n)/n --> 1 and log K-n(x)/n --> 1 a.e. as n --> infinity for a.e. theta
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