1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effects of serotonin on cajal cells of murine small intestine
No full text의학과/박사[한글]
세로토닌(serotonin; 5-HT)은 뇌 뿐만 아니라 장에서 중요한 신경전달물질로 작용을 한다. 최근 5-HT3 수용체의 면역반응성이 쥐 위장관에서 소화관 운동의 pace maker로 알려진 카할 세포(interstitial cells of Cajal; ICC) 등에서 발견되었지만 카할 세포에서 5-HT의 기능적인 역할은 잘 알려지지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 배양된 카할 세포에서 5-HT 수용체 활성화가 카할 세포의 막전압 및 전류의 변화와 칼슘 변화에 미치는 영향 및 그 조절 기전을 규명하고자 하였다. 카할 세포는 7～10일 된 마우스의 소장으로부터 분리하였으며, 분리된 세포들은 stem cell factor(SCF, 5 ng/ml, Sigma)가 들어있는 배지에서 하루 혹은 이틀 간 배양 후 사용하였다. 세포막전압과 전류는 whole-cell patch clamp 방법을 사용하여 기록하였으며, 칼슘 변화는 칼슘 측정 염료인 Fura-2/AM을 사용하여 기록하였다. 카할 세포의 안정막 전압은 -56.4±1.2 mV(n=33), 서파(slow wave)의 크기는 26.6±2.3 mV(n=20)였으며, pacemaking 전류의 크기는 -581±75.9 pA(n=22), 빈도는 분당 15.4±0.7 회(n=45)였다. 5-HT는 내향전류(-546.8±111.2 pA)와 막전압의 탈분극(-19.3±1.9 mV)을 유발시켰다. 5-HT에 의한 탈분극은 RS 23579-190(10 μM) 및 SDZ(20 μM)와 같은 5-HT4 수용체 차단제에 의해 차단되었으며, ondansetron(5 μM), Y25130(10 μM) 및 MDL7222(1 μM)와 같은 5-HT3 수용체 차단제에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 낮은 농도의 5-HT(0.1, 1, 10 μM)는 카할 세포의 칼슘 oscillation의 빈도를 증가시켰으며, 높은 농도의 5-HT (100 μM)에서는 칼슘 oscillaton의 소실과 기저(basal) 칼슘을 증가가 관찰되었다. 이러한 칼슘 증가는 5-HT4 수용체 효현제들(5-methoxytrypamine 및 2-[1-(4-piperonyl)piperazinyl]benzothazole)에 의해 동일하게 재현되었으며, 5-HT4 수용체 차단제에 의해 차단되었다. 5-HT 및 5-HT4 수용체 효현제에 의한 탈분극 및 칼슘의 증가는 PKA 억제제(100 nM)에 의해 차단되었다. 배양된 카할 세포에 5-HT4 수용체의 siRNA를 처치 하였을 경우, 5-HT4 수용체 효현제인 cisapride에 의한 세포막 전압의 탈분극과 내향 전류가 소실됨을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 카할 세포에서 5-HT 수용체는 막전압을 탈분극시켰으며 이러한 5-HT 수용체의 역할은 위장관 기능 조절에 중요할 것으로 사료된다.
[영문]Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptaminel 5-HT) plays an important role in the brain as well as in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as neuroenteric modulator. Recently, the 5-HT3 receptor immunoreactivities were found in the rat GI tract including the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which is known as the pacemaker cell of the peristaltic movement. To date, however, functional roles of 5-HT receptors in the ICC had not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was performed to clarify the influences of 5-HT receptor activation on the membrane potential, membrane current and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) together with their regulatory mechanisms in the ICC. We isolated the ICC from the small intestine of the 7~10 day-old Balb/C mouse and cultured for 1 or 2 days before using. After confirmation of pacemaking activity in the cultured ICC, we measured the membrane potential and membrane currents by using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Changes in [Ca2+]i was measured with Fura-2/AM using fluorescence measurement system. In the ICC with pacemaking activity, resting membrane potential was 56.4±1.2 mV (n=33) and intensity of the slow wave was 26.6±2.3 mV (n=20). The amplitude of pacemaking current was 581±75.9 pA (n=22) and its frequency was 15.4+0.7 (n=45). 5-HT induced a depolarization (-19.3±1.9 mV) in the membrane potential during current clamp-mode and a prominent inward current (-546.8±111.2 pA) during voltage clamp-mode with holding at -80 mV. The 5-HT-induced depolarization was partially or completely blocked by RS23579-190 and SDZ, which are known as selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonists but not by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron (5 μM), Y25130 (10 μM) and MDL7222 (1 μM). In Fura-2 loaded ICC, low concentrations of 5-HT (0.1 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM) increased frequency of the [Ca2+]i oscillation and itsbasal level in a concentration-dependent manner. At 100 μM of 5-HT, however, oscillation was disappeared and basal [Ca2+]i level only was continuously increased. This increase in [Ca2+]i was mimicked by 5-HT4 agonists (5-methoxytryptamine and 2-[1-(4-piperonyl)piperazinyl]benzothiazole) and blocked by 5-HT4 blockers. Myristoylated PKA inhibitor (100 nM) markedly attenuated the depolarization and [Ca2+]i changes caused by 5-HT and 5-HT4 agonists. After application of siRNA targeted against 5-HT4 receptor in the ICC, the depolarization of the membrane current and the inward current induced by 5-HT4 receptor agonist (cisapride) were disappeared. From all these results, it is concluded that 5-HT receptor induces membrane depolarization and [Ca2+]i increase in the ICC, which is responsible for the serotonergic modulation of the gastrointestinal function.ope
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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