55 research outputs found
المصالحة الوطنية في رواندا: التجارب والدروس المستخلصة
Full text linkRwanda became notorious internationally in 1994 when the genocide that mainly targeted the Tutsi people was perpetrated. How the country responded to the tragedy through national reconciliation is the core of this paper. By relying on a document analysis, the author provides contextual information and an analysis of Rwanda’s experiences in national reconciliation after the 1994 genocide, and an overview of the lessons learnt from these experiences. The paper discusses how the post-genocide government has been the driving force for national reconciliation. The government considered national reconciliation to be the only option were Rwanda to survive and tapped into home-grown solutions that combined universal and culture-based approaches and that involved judicial and non-judicial responses. The implementation process involved mandatory individual and community participation. The paper also discusses the successes and challenges in the process. Each conflict is unique, and addressing any conflict’s aftermath requires sensitivity to its nature and context. However, Rwanda’s experience with national reconciliation offers ‘food for thought’ for other countries living their own traumatic experiences of violent conflicts.ذاع صيت رواندا دوليًا في عام 1994 بعد الإبادة الجماعية التي ارتُكبت بشكل أساسي بحق شعب التوتسي. وتشكّل استجابة البلاد للمأساة من خلال المصالحة الوطنية جوهر هذه الورقة البحثية. يرتكز الكاتب على تحليل الوثائق ليقدّم معلومات سياقية، وتحليلاً لتجارب رواندا في المصالحة الوطنية بعد الإبادة الجماعية في عام 1994، فضلًا عن لمحة عامة عن الدروس المستخلصة من هذه التجارب. تناقش الورقة دور حكومة ما بعد الإبادة كقوة دافعة للمصالحة الوطنية، إذ اعتبرتها الحل الوحيد لبقاء رواندا. فارتكزت لهذه الغاية على الحلول المحلية التي جمعت بين النُهج الشمولية وتلك القائمة على الثقافة وتضمنت إجراءات قضائية وغير قضائية، وانطوت عملية التنفيذ على مشاركة إلزامية فردية ومجتمعية. تتناول الورقة أيضًا النجاحات والتحديات المترافقة مع هذه العملية، فكل نزاع فريد من نوعه وتتطلب معالجة تداعياته مراعاة طبيعته وسياقه. تقدّم تجربة رواندا في مجال المصالحة الوطنية "مادة للتفكير" للبلدان الأخرى العالقة في براثن الصراعات العنيفة ومخلّفاتها
Peacebuilding in Post-Genocide Rwanda: The Role of Cooperatives in the Restoration of Interpersonal Relationships
No full textThis thesis is aimed at contributing to the lack of knowledge in the field of peacebuilding from below, notably regarding the mechanisms to be used in order to overcome the painful past between conflicting parties. The study makes this contribution through an empirically based exploration of the relational outcomes resulting from conflicting parties’ memberships of the same cooperative organization after the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.
The study is exploratory and qualitative, with a hermeneutic-interpretive orientation. It is restricted to two cases of cooperatives: Abahuzamugambi coffee and Peace basket. Empirical data were collected on the basis of the study’s research questions, while the theoretical framework, combining intergroup contact theory with other theoretical perspectives on relational peacebuilding, was used during the discussion of exploratory findings. The 222 individuals who were subject to interviews included 219 respondents (cooperative members and non-members) from both sides of the conflict and three other informants.
The study found that, despite some internal and external obstacles, the two cases of cooperatives studied played, and continue to play, a positive role in the restoration of relationships between post-genocide conflicting parties, by enabling them to overcome previous negative-dehumanizing relationships (division, miscommunication, fear, suspicion, anger and hatred), while fostering positive-(re)humanizing ones (positive communication and conviviality). The study supports the contact theory, and concludes that when conflicting parties come into contact around a common goal to be successfully achieved cooperatively, they engage in a positive communication that enables truth to emerge, reciprocal acknowledgment of the wrong to occur, and apology and expressions of forgiveness to take place. The study concludes that only genuine and successful cooperatives are likely to play a positive role in the restoration of interpersonal relationships, and proposes that cooperative organizations be taken as alternatives to other mechanisms engaged in the process of post-conflict peacebuilding
National reconciliation in Rwanda: Experiences and lessons learnt
No full textRwanda became notorious internationally in 1994 when the genocide that mainly targeted the Tutsi people was perpetrated. How the country responded to the tragedy through national reconciliation is the core of this paper. By relying on a document analysis, the author provides contextual information and an analysis of Rwanda’s experiences in national reconciliation after the 1994 genocide, and an overview of the lessons learnt from these experiences. The paper discusses how the post-genocide government has been the driving force for national reconciliation. The government considered national reconciliation to be the only option were Rwanda to survive and tapped into home-grown solutions that combined universal and culture-based approaches and that involved judicial and non-judicial responses. The implementation process involved mandatory individual and community participation. The paper also discusses the successes and challenges in the process. Each conflict is unique, and addressing any conflict’s aftermath requires sensitivity to its nature and context. However, Rwanda’s experience with national reconciliation offers ‘food for thought’ for other countries living their own traumatic experiences of violent conflicts
Peacebuilding in post-genocide Rwanda the role of cooperatives in the restoration of interpersonal relationships
No full textCosa rende “ebraica” la medicina ebraica? L’esempio del Colostro di Ezechiel/Pedro de Castro
No full textL’autore analizza l’opera di Ezechiel De Castro Il Colostro dal punto di vista della trasmissione della medicina ebraica. Si tratta
di un’opera sefardita che mantenne intatte le sue caratteristiche ebraiche anche quando l’autore si convertì al cristianesimo.The author analyzes Ezechiel De Castro treaty Il Colostro, from the point of view of jewish medicine spread. This sephardi work manteined all its jewish characteristic, also when Ezechiel De Castro converted to Christianity
Peacebuilding in post-genocide Rwanda: The role of cooperatives in the restoration of interpersonal relationships
No full textThis thesis is aimed at contributing to the lack of knowledge in the field of peacebuilding from below, notably regarding the mechanisms to be used in order to overcome the painful past between conflicting parties. The study makes this contribution through an empirically based exploration of the relational outcomes resulting from conflicting parties’ memberships of the same cooperative organization after the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The study is exploratory and qualitative, with a hermeneutic-interpretive orientation. It is restricted to two cases of cooperatives: Abahuzamugambi coffee and Peace basket. Empirical data were collected on the basis of the study’s research questions, while the theoretical framework, combining intergroup contact theory with other theoretical perspectives on relational peacebuilding, was used during the discussion of exploratory findings. The 222 individuals who were subject to interviews included 219 respondents (cooperative members and non-members) from both sides of the conflict and three other informants. The study found that, despite some internal and external obstacles, the two cases of cooperatives studied played, and continue to play, a positive role in the restoration of relationships between post-genocide conflicting parties, by enabling them to overcome previous negative-dehumanizing relationships (division, miscommunication, fear, suspicion, anger and hatred), while fostering positive-(re)humanizing ones (positive communication and conviviality). The study supports the contact theory, and concludes that when conflicting parties come into contact around a common goal to be successfully achieved cooperatively, they engage in a positive communication that enables truth to emerge, reciprocal acknowledgment of the wrong to occur, and apology and expressions of forgiveness to take place. The study concludes that only genuine and successful cooperatives are likely to play a positive role in the restoration of interpersonal relationships, and proposes that cooperative organizations be taken as alternatives to other mechanisms engaged in the process of post-conflict peacebuilding
National reconciliation in Rwanda: Experiences and lessons learnt
No full textRwanda became notorious internationally in 1994 when the genocide that mainly targeted the Tutsi people was perpetrated. How the country responded to the tragedy through national reconciliation is the core of this paper. By relying on a document analysis, the author provides contextual information and an analysis of Rwanda’s experiences in national reconciliation after the 1994 genocide, and an overview of the lessons learnt from these experiences. The paper discusses how the post-genocide government has been the driving force for national reconciliation. The government considered national reconciliation to be the only option were Rwanda to survive and tapped into home-grown solutions that combined universal and culture-based approaches and that involved judicial and non-judicial responses. The implementation process involved mandatory individual and community participation. The paper also discusses the successes and challenges in the process. Each conflict is unique, and addressing any conflict’s aftermath requires sensitivity to its nature and context. However, Rwanda’s experience with national reconciliation offers ‘food for thought’ for other countries living their own traumatic experiences of violent conflicts
Social Cohesion Through Cooperative Contact: A Theoretical Perspective
Full text linkThis paper aims to contribute to the theoretical debate when it comes to how to successfully achieve social cohesion after violent conflicts. Using the premises of contact hypothesis, and qualitative approach, the paper’s theoretical conclusions are drawn from the experience of the relational effects of contact, in the cooperative organization, between antagonistic groups in post-genocide Rwanda—genocide survivors and genocide perpetrators, as well as their respective family members. The paper discusses the nature, the form and the degree of the relational effects resulting from contact, in the cooperative organization, between post-genocide sides and suggests that, by virtue of its guiding values and principles, the cooperative contact stands as an alternative method for social cohesion after violence. The cooperative method has both a backward and forward-looking degree whereby its form departs from individual-to-individual process and extends to individual- group level. Unlike other processes of social cohesion that are public and involve a third party, the cooperative way is natural, intimate, private, and does not involve a third party, which makes cooperation, in the cooperative, an alternative approach to social cohesion
Final evaluation of the project: 'Improving Citizen Participation in the Decentralized Governance Process in Rwanda'
No full textReligion, Conflict and Peacebuilding in Rwanda
No full textThis chapter aims to provide a contextual analysis of Rwanda’s experience with the nexus of religion, conflict and peacebuilding in the context of Sustainable Development Goal 16, on “promoting peaceful and inclusive societies”. The chapter takes a historical perspective and focuses on the Christian religion. It discusses how the Christian religion contributed to Rwanda’s conflict since the arrival of colonial administration and Christian missionaries, with a destructive legacy during the post-colonial period that culminated in the 1990–1994 civil war and the subsequent 1994 genocide. It also played an important role in peacebuilding during the civil war and the 1994 genocide, particularly in their aftermath. The chapter concludes by depicting two faces of the role of the Christian religion in Rwanda’s conflict history and peacebuilding—as an actor with a potential for conflict and peace
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