1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Remote sensing for water quality studies: test of Suspended Particulate Matter and turbidity algorithms for Portuguese transitional and inland waters
No full textTese de mestrado em Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020As partículas em Suspensão (SPM) é um dos principais constituintes da água nos estuários e, juntamente com a turbidez (T), é um parâmetro chave para a avaliação da qualidade da água. Através da absorção e difusão da luz, a concentração de SPM reduz a penetração da irradiância solar na coluna de água e limita a radiação fotossinteticamente disponível (PAR) para os produtores primários. Uma vez que a turbidez é altamente correlacionada com a concentração de SPM, para fins de monitorização da qualidade da água, a turbidez é listada como parâmetro obrigatório a ser medido pelos estados membros da União Europeia na Diretiva-Quadro Estratégia Marinha. Portanto, a quantificação destes dois parâmetros, a sua distribuição geográfica e o modo como se relacionam são de interesse crucial para o estudo dos ecossistemas, assim como para a investigação de diferentes processos, como transporte de sedimentos, produção primária e funcionamento de comunidades bentónicas. A monitorização dos parâmetros da qualidade da água, é geralmente alcançado através de programas de amostragem in situ. No entanto, a realização regular de amostragens exige trabalho intensivo e é dispendioso. Além disso, é necessário assumir que as amostras analisadas, que estão limitadas em termos espaciais e temporais, são representativas da área total de interesse. Neste âmbito, a deteção remota da cor do oceano é uma ferramenta eficiente para monitorizar os parâmetros da qualidade da água. O crescente interesse em entender o potencial desta técnica é impulsionado pelos custos reduzidos e pela alta resolução espacial que permite obter resultados para grandes áreas, mas também pela grande frequência temporal dos dados. No entanto, a complexidade das águas costeiras, transitórias e interiores dificulta a deteção das variáveis de interesse devido à proximidade da terra e aos elevados níveis de reflectância causados pela alta concentração de SPM nas regiões espectrais do visível e infravermelho próximo. Não obstante, algoritmos têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos para estimar a concentração de SPM e turbidez, que são geralmente calibrados regionalmente para as características óticas dos diferentes locais. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação teve como foco o teste de diferentes algoritmos com aplicabilidade global para estimar o SPM e a turbidez, bem como a avaliação de diferentes modelos de correção atmosférica. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o esquema de processamento mais apropriado para quantificar o SPM e a turbidez em águas de transição e interiores em Portugal, determinando as incertezas associadas aos algoritmos de aplicabilidade global (Nechad et. al. (2009) para o SPM e Dogliotti et. al. (2015) para a turbidez) quando aplicados fora da sua região de calibração. Para este fim, o estuário do Tejo e do Sado e cinco albufeiras na região do Alentejo em Portugal, foram utilizados como casos de estudo para testar o uso de imagens de satélite na monitorização da turbidez e SPM. A base de dados in situ foi adquirida no contexto de diferentes projetos (PLATAGUS, NIPOGES, Valor Sul, AQUASado, GAMEFISH) entre julho de 2017 e julho de 2019, dependendo do projeto. Os dados de satélite testados foram obtidos pelos Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (S2-MSI) e o Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (S3-OLCI), missões do programa de Observação da Terra da Comissão Europeia - Copernicus. No estuário do Tejo, as medições radiométricas in situ realizadas no contexto do projeto PLATAGUS permitiram também testar diretamente diferentes processadores para a correção atmosférica, nomeadamente o Acolite (S2-MSI), C2RCC (S2-MSI e S3-OLCI), L2 padrão MSI (Sen2Cor), L2 padrão OLCI (BAC / BPAC) e Polymer (S2-MSI e S3-OLCI). Tendo-se obtido melhores resultados com o Polymer e o C2RCC utilizando dados do S2-MSI, e resultados inconclusivos na avaliação dos dados com o S3-OLCI devido ao reduzido número de dados disponíveis. Na avaliação dos algoritmos de SPM e turbidez, os resultados obtidos sugerem que o produto de turbidez é mais fácil de estimar com menores incertezas associadas. Em relação à estimativa do SPM através dos dados S2-MSI e S3-OLCI, as correlações e erros associados indicam que ainda há uma forte necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos algoritmos, com uma calibração regional específica para as características óticas das áreas de estudo ou para encontrar uma relação local entre SPM e turbidez, como já sugerido anteriormente na literatura. Além disso, o sensor S3-OLCI, que apresentou resultados satisfatórios para o estuário do Tejo, mostrou resultados discordantes para o estuário do Sado, sugerindo uma menor adequação da resolução espacial do OLCI (300 m) para estuários de menor dimensão. No território português, as técnicas de deteção remota para monitorização da qualidade da água já estão em uso, mas têm sido testadas e aplicadas principalmente em águas costeiras. Este trabalho é um primeiro esforço para validar produtos de qualidade da água em águas de transição e interiores em Portugal. A importância destes ecossistemas, assim como o papel crucial da validação de produtos de deteção remota para monitorização ambiental e a principal motivação deste trabalho, e determinantes na definição das principais questões abordadas.Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is one of the main water constituents in estuaries and along with turbidity (T), which is highly correlated with SPM concentration, are key parameters to evaluate water quality. Through light absorption and scattering, the SPM concentration reduces the penetration of solar irradiance within the water column and limits the photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) for primary producers making it a relevant indicator for water quality monitoring. In fact, regarding water quality monitoring, turbidity is listed as a mandatory parameter to be measured by EU member states in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Therefore, the quantification of these two parameters, their geographical distribution and their relationship are of crucial interest for ecosystems studies and to understand different processes such as sediment transport, primary production and the functioning of benthic communities. Monitoring water quality parameters is usually achieved through field sampling programs. However, conducting regular field sampling is labor intensive and expensive and it is often necessary to assume that field samples, which are limited both spatially and temporally, are representative of the total area of interest. Satellite Ocean Colour Remote Sensing is an efficient tool to monitor these two parameters and the incrementing interest on understanding the potential of this technique is driven by the reduced costs and the high spatial and temporal resolution that allows obtaining results for large areas. However, remote sensing of coastal, transitional and inland waters is a complicated issue due to the proximity of the land and the high levels of reflectance caused by high SPM concentration in the visible and near infrared spectral regions. Many algorithms to retrieve SPM and T already exist and are often calibrated regionally for the optical characteristics of the different sites. In this context, this thesis focuses on the test of different algorithms with global applicability for SPM and turbidity retrieval, as well as different atmospheric corrections. The main aim of the present work is to determine the most appropriate processing scheme to retrieve SPM and turbidity for Portuguese transitional and inland waters and to determine the accuracy of retrieval algorithms with global applicability (Nechad et. al, 2009 for SPM retrieval and Dogliotti et. al., 2015 for turbidity) outside their calibration region. For this purpose, Tagus and Sado estuary, and five small water reservoirs in the Alentejo region in Portugal have been used as case-studies to test satellite imagery capability to monitor SPM and turbidity products. The in situ data for reference has been collected within the context of different projects (PLATAGUS, NIPOGES, Valor Sul, AQUASado, GAMEFISH) from July 2017 to July 2019 depending on the project. The satellite data used were obtained from the Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (S2- MSI) and the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument. (S3-OLCI), missions from the European Commission Earth Observation program, Copernicus. In the Tagus estuary, in situ radiometric measurements conducted within the context of the PLATAGUS project allowed also to directly test different atmospheric corrections processors, namely (S2-MSI), C2RCC (S2-MSI and S3-OLCI), L2 standard MSI (Sen2Cor), L2 standard OLCI (BAC/BPAC) and Polymer (S2-MSI and S3-OLCI). Being Polymer and C2RCC the best performing algorithms for S2- MSI, while no definite results was found for S3-OLCI given the low number available data. Results suggested that turbidity is easier to retrieve with smaller uncertainties associated. Regarding the SPM retrieval from S2-MSI and S3-OLCI data, the associated correlations and errors indicate that there is still a strong need of algorithms development perhaps with a regional calibration specific for the optical characteristics of the study areas or finding a local relationship between SPM and turbidity as has been previously suggested. Moreover, the S3-OLCI sensor, which gave satisfactory results for the Tagus estuary, showed discordant results for the Sado estuary suggesting a poor suitability of the OLCI spatial resolution (300m) for smaller estuaries. In the Portuguese territory, remote sensing techniques have been tested and are in place for water quality monitoring mostly for coastal application. This work is a first effort to validate satellite-derived water quality products for monitoring transitional and inland waters in Portugal. The well-known importance of such ecosystems and the crucial role of satellite-data validation for reliable monitoring activities through remote sensing techniques drove the motivations and helped defining the main questions addressed in the present work
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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