1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Jenseits von elementarem Fluor: Untersuchung von extrem starken Oxidationsmitteln, nicht-klassischen Fluor-Komplexen und des Simons-Prozesses
No full textFluorine oxidizes xenon when externally activated by photolysis, heat or electrical discharge. Alternatively, the oxidation of Xe can be mediated by liquid Lewis acids such as AsF5 or SbF5 in the dark. In order to elucidate the role of the Lewis acids in suspected Lewis acid-fluorine adducts (non-classical fluoro complexes) the reactions of F2 with BF3, AsF5, SbF5, and Cs[AuF6] as a potential source for AuF5 were studied under matrix isolation conditions supported by quantum-chemical calculations. The F−F stretching mode of F2 is usually IR inactive but found slightly activated by self-aggregation of F2 or Lewis acidic or Lewis basic species in solid Ne or Ar environment. It served as an indicator for the influence of the different Lewis acids and was monitored during deposition and the subsequent annealing and photolysis experiments.
The fluorine-rich precursor PtF6, which is known to selectively yield the lower platinum fluorides PtFn (n = 3–5) and fluorine atoms upon photolysis under matrix isolation conditions, was studied in combination with co-deposited laser-ablated metals and metal fluorides. The corresponding deposits contained large amounts of matrix-isolated ion pairs of the type M[PtF6] (M = Na, K, Cs) and free [PtF6]−, and allowed the investigation of these species under these conditions for the first time. The photolysis with UV light of the free hexafluoridoplatinate(V) ion yielded a band in the IR spectrum that is characteristic of a polarized [F2]−, representing the first experimental indication for a non-classical fluoro complex.
Earlier findings from our group – the end-on [(η1-OO)MnIVOF] and side-on [(η2-OO)MnVOF] complexes derived from the photolysis of matrix-isolated MnO3F – were extended by newly recorded IR and UV/Vis spectra of highly pure MnO3F and its photolysis products isolated in solid Ne, Ar, and N2. The investigation yielded a robust experimental base for the ongoing in-depth high-level quantum-chemical investigation.
The industrially very important Simons process is used for the electrochemical fluorination of organic molecules. Its underlying mechanisms are part of a controversial debate ever since its invention about a century ago. This method, which uses nickel electrodes and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, is thought to proceed either via a purely electrochemical pathway, or via a mechanism that is mediated by a strong oxidizer such as NiF3 that is produced electrochemically. An unprecedented electrochemical in-situ XAFS approach allowed to investigate the elusive species that are present in the black film formed on the anodes under conditions closely matching the industrial ones. The obtained results represent the first experimental evidence for nickel centers in an oxidation state higher than +II under the conditions of the Simons process.Die Oxidation von Xenon mit elementarem Fluor gelingt durch Aktivierung mittels Bestrahlung, Erhitzen oder elektrischer Entladung. Alternativ kann die Oxidation von Xenon auch in Gegenwart flüssiger Lewissäuren wie AsF5 oder SbF5 unter Lichtausschluss herbeigeführt werden. Um die Rolle der Lewissäuren in den vermuteten Lewissäure-Fluor-Addukten (nicht-klassische Fluor-Komplexe) aufzuklären, wurden die Reaktionen von F2 mit BF3, AsF5 und SbF5 sowie Cs[AuF6] als möglicher Quelle für AuF5 unter Matrixisolationsbedingungen, gestützt von quantenchemischen Berechnungen, untersucht. Die F−F-Streckschwingung von F2 ist üblicherweise IR-inaktiv, aber kann durch Selbstaggregation von F2 oder durch Lewis-saure oder Lewis-basische Spezies in fester Ne- oder Ar-Umgebung geringfügig aktiviert werden. Sie diente als Indikator für den Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Lewissäuren und wurde während der Co-Kondensation und den nachfolgenden Erwärmungs- und Bestrahlungsexperimenten überwacht.
Das fluorreiche PtF6, das durch gezielte Bestrahlung unter Matrixisolationsbedingungen selektiv zu den niederen Platinfluoriden PtFn (n = 3–5) und Fluorradikalen reagiert, wurde in Kombination mit co-kondensierten laserablatierten Metallatomen und Metallfluoriden untersucht. Die erhaltenen matrix-isolierten Proben enthielten zu großen Anteilen Ionenpaare des Typs M[PtF6] (M = Na, K, Cs) sowie freies [PtF6]−, wodurch die Untersuchung dieser Spezies unter diesen Bedingungen zum ersten Mal möglich wurde. Die Bestrahlung des freien Hexafluoridoplatinat(V)-Ions ergab eine Bande im IR-Spektrum, die charakteristisch für ein polarisiertes [F2]− ist und damit den ersten experimentellen Hinweis auf einen nicht-klassischen Fluor-Komplex darstellt.
Zuvor wurden in unserer Gruppe durch Bestrahlung von matrix-isoliertem MnO3F Ergebnisse zu den end-on bzw. side-on koordinierten O2-Komplexen [(η1-OO)MnIVOF] und [(η2-OO)MnVOF] erhalten. Diese wurden durch neu aufgenommene IR- und UV/Vis-Spektren von hoch-reinem MnO3F und seinen Photolyse-Produkten isoliert in festem Ne, Ar und N2 ergänzt. Diese weiterführende Untersuchung lieferte verlässliche Daten, die aktuell im Zusammenhang mit Ergebnissen hochpräziser quantenchemischer Berechnungen diskutiert werden.
Der industriell häufig angewendete Simons-Prozess ist ein Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Fluorierung von organischen Molekülen. Hierfür kommen Nickelelektroden und wasserfreier Fluorwasserstoff zum Einsatz. Die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen werden seit seiner Erfindung vor rund einem Jahrhundert kontrovers diskutiert: Der Simons-Prozess läuft entweder nach einem rein elektrochemischen Mechanismus ab oder wird durch ein starkes Oxidationsmittel wie NiF3 vermittelt, das elektrochemisch gebildet wird. Durch einen nie zuvor dagewesenen in-situ XAFS-
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Ansatz wurde die Untersuchung der schwer fassbaren Spezies in dem schwarzen Film möglich, der sich auf der Anode unter industrienahen Bedingungen bildet. Die dabei erhaltenen Ergebnisse stellen den ersten experimentellen Beweis für die Existenz von Nickel-Zentren in höheren Oxidationszuständen als +II unter den Bedingungen des Simons-Prozesses dar
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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