323,206 research outputs found
Contemporary Indian writing in English between global fiction and transmodern historiography
No full textChristoph Senft provides a set of re-readings of contemporary Indian narrative texts as decolonial and pluralistic approaches to the past and thus offers a comprehensive overview of the subcontinent s literary landscape in the 21st century
Understanding pragmatics [invited plenary talk]
No full textPragmatics is the discipline within linguistics that deals with actual language use. Language use is not only dependent on linguistic, that is grammatical and lexical knowledge, but also on cultural, situative and interpersonal contexts and conventions. One of the central aims of pragmatics is to research how context and convention – in their broadest sense – contribute to meaning and understanding. Thus, the social and cultural embedding of meaning is a central prerequisite for understanding pragmatics. Research in linguistic pragmatics deals with how speakers use their language(s) in various situations and contexts: what speakers do when they speak and why they do it. Pragmatics focuses on the actual language users, their communicative behaviour, their world and their point of view, in short, ‘the total human context of [language] use’ (Mey 1994: 3265). Pragmatics studies language and its meaningful use from the perspective of language users embedded in their situational, behavioural, cultural, societal and political contexts, using a broad variety of methodologies and interdisciplinary approaches depending on specific research questions and interests. Indeed, if we look at core domains of the discipline, we realize that linguistic pragmatics can be regarded as a transdiscipline that is relevant for, and has its predecessors in, many other disciplines such as Philosophy, Psychology, Ethology, Ethnology, Sociology and the Political Sciences. In this talk I take up this point and briefly discuss a selection of core issues of Pragmatics that were introduced into the field via these six disciplines (see Senft 2014). References: Mey, Jacob. 1994. Pragmatics. In R. E. Asher and J. M. Y. Simpson (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol. 6, 3260-3278. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Senft, Gunter. 2014. Understanding Pragmatics. London: Routledg
Abstracts
No full textAbstracts included:Robert L. Ball - Changes in Yellow Bass Growth Rates and Density During the First Ten Years of Its Establishment in Monroe ReservoirKenneth M. Brown - Habitat, Food, and Life History Overlap in Temporary Pond Snails: Evidence for CompetitionStephen R. Carpenter and Durland Fish - Detrital Dynamics Regulate Mosquito Production in Treehole EcosystemsWilliam Y. B. Chang - LImiting Nutrients and Primary ProductivityWilliam Bliss Crankshaw - Attrition of White Ash in Red Pine Plantations in Eastern New YorkWiliam Bliss Crankshaw - Success of Bald Cypress Seedlings in the Drawdown Zone at Salamonie ReservoirDennis Devries - Effect of Habitat Productivity, Permanence, and Predation on the Life History of a Temporary Pond SnailJohn S. Fezy and Richard W. Greene - Periphyton Productivity of Three Sample Sites along Juday Creek, St. Joseph County, IndianaStephen W. Fletcher - An Updated Evaluation of Sampling Efficiencies of Overstory Sampling MethodsPaul A. Glander and Thomas S. McComish - Macrophyte Induced Fluctuations of Water Chemistry in and East-Central Indiana Borrow Pit LakeJoanne M. Payton and Richard W. Greene - A Comparison of the Effect of Aluminum on a Single Species Algal Assay and Indigenous Community Algal Toxicity BioassayKen Roberts and W. Herbert Senft II - Growth and Phosphorus Uptake as A Function of Temperature in the Colonial Green Alga Volvox globator L.Robert K. Rose - The Small Mammals of Spencer County, IndianaRobert Schwarzwalder, Jr. - Trends in the Climatic Adaptations of LichensBruce W. Schwenneker and Ronald A. Hellenthal - Seasonal, Spatial and Developmental Variability of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in A Northern Indiana StreamW. Herbert Senft II and Arthur J. White - Spatial Patterning of A Volvox globator L. Population in A Northern Minnesota PondPatrick F. Sullivan and Stephen R. Carpenter - Relationships of Algal Trophic State Indices in Indiana Lakes and Reservoirs
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation
No full textChanges in the amount of daylight (photoperiod) alter physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms—dysregulation associates with disease, including affective disorders3 and metabolic syndromes4. The circadian rhythm circuitry is implicated in such responses5,6, yet little is known about the precise cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we identify a brain circuit and system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that are critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod. A type of neuron called mrEn1-Pet17 in the mouse brainstem median raphe nucleus segregates serotonin from VGLUT3 (also known as SLC17A8, a proxy for glutamate) to different axonal branches that innervate specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep–wake timing8,9. This branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment did not distinguish between daylight and dark phase; however, it reorganized with change in photoperiod. Axonal boutons, but not cell soma, changed neurochemical phenotype upon a shift away from equinox light/dark conditions, and these changes were reversed upon return to equinox conditions. When we genetically disabled Vglut3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, sleep–wake periods, voluntary activity and clock gene expression did not synchronize to the new photoperiod or were delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing, we delineated a preoptic area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection that was responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurotransmitter reorganization and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a brain circuit and periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that regulates organismal adaptation to photoperiod change
Il trattamento chirurgico del glaucoma congenito primario. Analisi dei fattori prognostici su 419 casi.
No full text
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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