1,721,001 research outputs found
Environmental and health impacts of effluents from textile industries in Ethiopia : the case of Gelan and Dukem, Oromia Regional State
No full textAbstract: This study focuses on four textile industries (DH-GEDA, NOYA, ALMHADI, and ALSAR) established between 2005 and 2008 in the peri-urban areas of Dukem and Gelan. The objectives of the study were to generate baseline information regarding the concentration levels of selected pollutants and to analyze their effects on biophysical environments. This study also attempts to explore the level of exposure that humans and livestock have to polluted effluents and the effects thereof. The findings of this study are based on data empirically collected from two sources: laboratory analysis of sample effluents from the four selected textile plants and quantitative as well as qualitative socioeconomic data collection. As part of the latter, a household survey and focus group discussions (FGDs) with elderly and other focal persons were employed in the towns of Dukem and Gelan. The results of the study show that large concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH were found in all the observed textile industries, at levels beyond the permissible discharge limit set by the national Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). Furthermore, sulfide (S2), R-phosphate (R-PO43), and Zn were found in large concentrations in DH-GEDA and ALMHADI, while high concentrations were also identified in samples taken from ALSAR and ALMHADI. In spite of the clear-cut legal tools, this study shows that the local environment, people, and their livestock are exposed to highly contaminated effluents. We therefore recommend that the respective federal and regional government bodies should reexamine the compliance to and actual implementation of the existing legal procedures and regulations and respond appropriately
Diversity, threats and conservation status of coffee forest in Ethiopia
No full textArabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) has its centre of origin and diversity in southwest and southeast montane forests of Ethiopia. Moist evergreen Afromontane forests with the occurrence of wild Arabica coffee populations is commonly called ‘Coffee Forest’. Coffee forest maintains over 700 species of vascular plant and a diversity of wild coffee genotype. The genetic diversity of wild coffee populations differs within and between populations and regions. Coffee forest is part of the “Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot” and has great international importance for biodiversity conservation. The coffee forest is, however, threatened by increasing anthropogenic factor such as agriculture and settlement expansion. Climate change and global warming is also expected to threaten the distribution of the wild coffee populations and its habitat more than ever before. To address these threats, conservation efforts have been ongoing in the last two decades- through forest coffee genetic resource conservation, biosphere reserves and participatory forest management schemes. In addition to the ongoing conservation efforts, in-depth research and trait discovery for conservation and sustainable use of Arabica coffee genetic resources and its habitat is recommended.
Key words/phrases: Coffee, Conservation, Diversity, Ecosystem service, Ethiopia, Forest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Spatial analysis of the trade-offs between forest ecosystem services and disservices in the Bale Mountains eco-region, Southeast Ethiopia
Full text linkForests provide ecosystem services (ESs) and ecosystem disservices (EDs) to the local community living in and around the forest. This study examined the trade-offs between forest ESs and EDs among communities living at different proximities (<1 km and >3 km) to forest edges in the Bale Mountains Eco-Region of Southeast Ethiopia by assessing how local perceptions of ESs and EDs vary spatially and influence community engagement in forest management. Household surveys, focus group discussions, and field observations were conducted along six pair-wise transects across six selected villages, enabling systematic and comparative collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Logistic regression was employed to identify socio-demographic and biophysical factors influencing farmers’ participation in forest/tree management. Results show that forests are vital to rural livelihoods, offering water (93.9%), firewood (89.4%), construction wood (89.4%), and shade for coffee production (87.9%). Perceived benefits were significantly higher among residents near forest edges (χ² = 37.22, df = 5, P < 0.05). About 59.1% of respondents reported engaging in forest/tree management, influenced significantly by education and family size. However, forests were also seen as sources of EDs, mainly crop-raiding by wild mammals like porcupines (86.4%), bush pigs (83.3%), and warthogs (72.7%), with maize being the most affected crop. These impacts were notably higher near forest edges (χ² = 45.06, df = 2, P < 0.05). Crop guarding (93.9%) was the most common mitigation strategy, alongside fencing and tree clearing. The study concludes that while forest ESs support rural livelihoods, associated EDs, particularly crop-raiding, pose serious challenges, leading to trade-offs that may drive deforestation and affect sustainability. Effective, community-driven forest and agricultural management strategies are essential to balance ESs and EDs. Future research should adopt comprehensive approaches to better understand community perceptions and support sustainable human–wildlife coexistence in forested landscapes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
