1,720,991 research outputs found
Archaeologies in Antarctica from Nostalgia to Capitalism: A Review
No full textEpic accounts of polar explorations have dominated the narratives of Antarctica’s past and contributed to a prevailing image of distant wilderness untouched by humans. Archaeological studies have been undertaken from different theoretical and practical perspectives that have helped to either question or reinforce the dominant narratives of Antarctic history. Archaeology began in the late 1970s, focusing on conserving the huts left behind by the expeditions of the Heroic Era of Antarctic Exploration. Since the 1980s archaeological research in the South Shetland Islands region has been focused on diverse topics, including sealing/whaling expeditions. This study presents a historical overview of archaeological work in Antarctica through a chronological approach that describes previous research conducted at the sites of polar expeditions. It also discusses how archaeological practices have contributed to the complex heritage-making process in Antarctica.Fil: Senatore, Maria Ximena. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Assessing tourism patterns in the South Shetland Islands for the conservation of 19th-century archaeological sites in Antarctica
No full textAlthough archaeological studies focusing on 19th-century sealing have been performed over the past 30 years, its history and sites have traditionally had low visibility in Antarctic narratives and the Antarctic Treaty System policymaking on heritage. Researchers face the challenge of increasing the visibility of sealers’ history and public awareness of the importance of conserving the oldest sites of Antarctica. In this paper, we propose that identifying patterns of tourism activity in the South Shetland Islands, specifically in their temporal and spatial dimensions, could help protect these sites and engage visitors with the early history of Antarctica. Data collected by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators were used to calculate landing point usage trends over time and the frequency of passenger landings from 2003–2004 to 2015–2016. We defined six different visitation patterns with temporal tendencies of passenger landings that varied from increasing, constant, or decreasing trends over time, differing in the magnitude and intensity of visitation. This information was used to assess the situation of particular sites located in the vicinity of tourism landing points. We set priorities for their conservation and management decisions and highlighted their relative potential to engage visitors with the stories of 19th-century sealing in Antarctica.Fil: Senatore, Maria Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentin
Things in Antarctica: an archaeological perspective
Get PDFThe representation of Antarctica as the last wilderness overlooks not only the presence of humans but also of material things, and does not reflect the reality of contemporary Antarctica. Human-thing relationships have existed there, although largely unnoticed, since the nineteenth century. This article contributes to thinking about the genealogy of human-thing relationships in Antarctica by presenting an analysis of how the process of living with things has developed over time. Based on available historical and archaeological information, this study explores human-thing relationships during sealing and whaling activities, inside the huts of the Heroic Era of Antarctic exploration, throughout the period of the settlement of permanent scientific stations, and after the coming into force of the Madrid Protocol. From an archaeological perspective this article emphasises how things are not inert, they change, establish relations and that humans in Antarctica have often become entrapped in their relations with things. It is my hope that this introductory exploration into the topic will stimulate critical thoughts on human-thing relationships in Antarctica.Fil: Senatore, Maria Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentin
Arqueología colonial como transdisciplina
Get PDFFil: Senatore, Maria X. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15; ArgentinaFil: Senatore, Maria X. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi Villelli, Marcia E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi Villelli, Marcia E. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; ArgentinaIn this paper, colonial archaeology is understood as a “transdiscipline”. This epistemological definition implies, firstly, to approach the complex colonial processes from different disciplines simultaneously; secondly, it implies understanding past societies as a totality, even when they do not show coherence or internal consistency. In this way, the material and narrative world is part of the social web, participating in daily social interactions, working as resources for control and negotiation of social positions. In this sense, both are part of the same social process, and this is why they should not be approached as post hoc, external and objective products. In particular, the contextual approach we present in this paper is centered in the theoretical-methodological perspective about the analysis of the narrative world. We present here the work carried out at the Spanish colony of Floridablanca (1780-1784), which has been oriented towards investigating and denaturalizing the forms of social organization present in the historical narratives, considering the tension between what is constructed as natural, and its discordances, ruptures and silences. Thus, they are not objective definitions of the social structure but forms of social ordering as they divide, disperse and reorganize the colonial world.siEn este trabajo se propone a la arqueología colonial como transdisciplina. Esta definición de corte epistemológico, implica en primer lugar, abordar los complejos procesos coloniales desde una simultaneidad de disciplinas; y en segundo lugar, conlleva comprender a las sociedades pasadas como una totalidad, aunque no tenga coherencia ni consistencia interna. Así pues, el mundo material y narrativo forma parte del entramado social participando en la interacción social diaria, funcionando como recursos para el control y la negociación de las posiciones sociales. En este sentido, ambos son parte del mismo proceso social por lo que no deben ser abordados como productos post-hoc, externos y objetivos. El abordaje contextual que presentamos en este trabajo se centra específicamente en el análisis del mundo narrativo. Nos referimos a los trabajos realizados en la Colonia española de Floridablanca (1780-1784), los cuales se orientaron a indagar y desnaturalizar las formas de organización social presentes en las narrativas históricas considerando la tensión entre lo que es construido como regular y sus defasajes, rupturas y silencios
Sealer´s sledge excavated on Livingston Island, South Shetlands Islands
Get PDFDetails are provided of a sledge, possibly of late nineteenth/early twentieth century provenance, discovered on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, in 2007.Fil: Pearson, Michael. No especifíca;Fil: Stehberg, Ruben Federico. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Santiago; ChileFil: Zarankin, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Senatore, Maria Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Gatica, Caronina. No especifíca
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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