1,720,966 research outputs found
¿Es capaz el mindfulness de reducir la intensidad de juicio y el efecto de falso consenso?
Full text linkTreball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017El mindfulness es, por definición, la acción de prestar atención completa a la experiencia presente de
una forma particular, con un propósito y sin hacer juicios o evaluaciones de los eventos privados
experimentados y de los estímulos externos relacionados con estos eventos privados. Este ejercicio es
una técnica de relajación que, en numerosos estudios, ha demostrado ser capaz de producir efectos
positivos en el ámbito laboral, educativo y sanitario. Sin embargo, es escasa la literatura que explica
los mecanismos cognitivos a los que afecta esta técnica y que explicarían estos efectos. Algunos de los
estudios que pretenden dar una explicación a tales efectos han demostrado que el mindfulness es capaz
de mejorar las capacidades cognitivas y los procesos atencionales. En lo referido a procesos
atributivos, se ha demostrado que algunos de los sesgos atributivos elementales, como el sesgo de
correspondencia, se reducen de forma significativa con la práctica de esta técnica dada la capacidad
para otorgar a sus practicantes la habilidad de realizar observaciones centradas en el momento presente
e impedir en gran medida la actuación de mecanismos automáticos de prejuicio y estereotipación. El
presente estudio pretende conocer en qué medida es capaz el mindfulness de modificar la intensidad
con la que las personas emiten juicios morales, así como a cometer errores atributivos, en concreto el
efecto de falso consenso. Para este cometido se ha contado con una muestra de 440 participantes y se
han utilizado herramientas como el cuestionario MINDSENS, la Escala de Necesidad de Cognición y
cuestionarios de elaboración propia donde los participantes debían emitir juicios, considerar el
consenso social existente y situar estas respuestas en una dimensión de intensidad. Los resultados
obtenidos reflejan una reducción significativa del efecto de falso consenso en los participantes
meditadores. Sin embargo, no se aprecian diferencias en la intensidad de los juicios emitidos entre
meditadores y no meditadores.Mindfulness is, by definition, the action of paying attention to the actual experience in a particular
way, with a purpose and without making judgments or evaluations of the experienced private events
and the external stimuli related to these private events. This exercise is a relaxation technique that, in
many studies, has shown to be able to produce positive effects in the labor, educational and health
field. However, there are not many literature explaining the cognitive mechanisms that affect this
technique and explain these effects. Some of the studies that attempt to explain the stories have shown
that mindfulness is capable of improving cognitive abilities and attentional processes. With regard to attributive processes, it has been shown that some of the biases of elemental attributions, such as
correspondence bias, are significantly reduced with the practice of this technique given the ability to
give its practitioners the ability to perform observations centered on the present moment and greatly
impede the performance of automatic mechanisms of prejudice and stereotyping. The present study
intends to know to what extent the mindfulness is able to modify the intensity with which people emit
moral judgments, as well as to commit attributive errors, in particular the effect of false consensus. For
this purpose, a sample of 440 participants has used tools such as the MINDSENS questionnaire, the
Cognition Need Scale and the self-elaboration questionnaires where participants should make
judgments, consider the existing social consensus and find these answers in An intensity dimension
The results obtained reflect a significant reduction of the effect of false consensus on the meditator
participants. However, there are no differences in the intensity of the judgments emitted between
meditators and non-meditators
Cocaine addiction affects cerebellar structure
No full textTreball Final de Màster Universitari en Investigació en Cervell i Conducta. Codi: SBM024. Curs: 2017/2018Long term cocaine use produces structural and functional effects in different brain locations. Recent
studies point the cerebellum as one of the structures that show alterations in addicted subjects. There
are studies that have documented structural differences in the cerebellum in addicted patients using
voxel-based morphometry (VBM). However, this technique has not been specially designed for the
study of the cerebellum. This study has analyzed cerebellar differences between healthy population
and patients addicted to cocaine using CERES, a technique specifically designed for the volumetric
analysis of the cerebellum. Furthermore, we explore the pharmacological treatment effects, by
differentiating those patients who supplement psychological therapy with drugs have been analyzed
separately from those who only received psychological therapy. The results show differences between
healthy population and patients treated with psychological therapy only that result in a gray matter
volume decrease in the cocaine dependent patients at the gray matter volume of the IX right lobule,
the volumetric asymmetry in IX lobule and the cortical thickness asymmetry in V lobule. On the other
hand, the results showed an increase in VIII A left lobule of cocaine dependent patients. These
differential effects were not present for the pharmacologically treated group when compared with the
control group, but a significantly greater gray matter volume in IV lobule with respect to the
psychologically treated patients group. In sum, our study suggest the effects of pharmacological
treatment during cocaine addiction treatment process that should be considered in future studies
Psychological and Psychosocial Factors in Second Language Acquisition: The Case of Young Immigrants in the Catalan Context
Full text linkL'increment de la població immigrant a Catalunya planteja reptes per integrar-los educativament, socialment i lingüísticament. Tot i els esforços legislatius, persisteix una bretxa en el rendiment acadèmic d'aquests estudiants respecte dels autòctons. L'aprenentatge de les llengües oficials ha mostrat ser essencial per a la seva integració i ha convertit la creació de plans educatius orientats a aquest fi en una prioritat per al sistema educatiu català. Aquesta tesi doctoral es proposa explicar com influeixen diferents factors psicològics i psicosocials en la competència lingüística dels joves immigrants a Catalunya. La investigació, de caràcter quantitatiu, s'estructura en quatre articles que analitzen: les variables cognitives, afectives i mixtes a les competències en català i castellà; la relació entre la intel·ligència fluida i el nivell de competència en primeres llengües; la interacció entre identificació territorial i actituds lingüístiques; i limpacte dels cursos de manteniment de llengües dherència en el desenvolupament de segones llengües.El incremento de la población inmigrante en Cataluña plantea desafíos para su integración educativa, social y lingüística. A pesar de los esfuerzos legislativos, persiste una brecha en el rendimiento académico de estos estudiantes respecto a los autóctonos. El aprendizaje de las lenguas oficiales ha mostrado ser esencial para su integración, convirtiendo la creación de planes educativos orientados a este fin en una prioridad para el sistema educativo catalán. Esta tesis doctoral se propone explicar cómo diferentes factores psicológicos y psicosociales influyen en la competencia lingüística de los jóvenes inmigrantes en Cataluña. La investigación, de carácter cuantitativo, se estructura en cuatro artículos que analizan: las variables cognitivas, afectivas y mixtas en las competencias en catalán y castellano; la relación entre la inteligencia fluida y el nivel de competencia en primeras lenguas; la interacción entre identificación territorial y actitudes lingüísticas; y el impacto de los cursos de mantenimiento de lenguas de herencia en el desarrollo de segundas lenguas.The increase in the immigrant population in Catalonia poses challenges for their educational, social and linguistic integration. Despite legislative efforts, a gap persists in the academic performance of these students compared to the natives. Learning the official languages has proven to be essential for their integration, making the creation of educational plans geared towards this end a priority for the Catalan educational system. This doctoral thesis aims to explain how different psychological and psychosocial factors influence the linguistic competence of young immigrants in Catalonia. The research, of a quantitative nature, is structured in four articles that analyze: the cognitive, affective and mixed variables in the skills in Catalan and Spanish; the relationship between fluid intelligence and the level of proficiency in first languages; the interaction between territorial identification and linguistic attitudes; and the impact of heritage language maintenance courses on second language development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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