1,720,967 research outputs found
Low rank and primiparity increase fecal glucocorticoid metabolites across gestation in wild geladas
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005966 Leakey Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007259 Stony Brook Universityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006363 National Geographic Societyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007270 University of Michiganhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 National Science Foundatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Social correlates of androgen levels and dispersal age in juvenile male geladas
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007270 University of Michiganhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 National Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005966 Leakey Foundatio
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispersal and Male Reproductive Strategies in Wild Gelada (Theropithecus Gelada)
No full textMale reproduction is typically a zero-sum game, where each fertilization by one male comes at the expense of another (Andersson 1994; Darwin 1871). Therefore, in social systems where females can be monopolized, natural selection should favor competitive male reproductive strategies that enhance access to fertile females (Emlen and Oring 1977). In most systems, this is not a singular strategy, but rather comprises many individual decisions facilitated (or constrained) by variation in male quality, development, opportunity, and disposition that subsequently lead to differences in reproductive success.
In this dissertation, I consider two major stages of male life history in a cercopithecine primate, the gelada (Theropithecus gelada): male dispersal “decisions” across development and maturation; and male reproductive strategy “decisions” upon entering a new group as the dominant breeding male. Geladas are an ideal system for this study as juvenile males exhibit individual variation in dispersal “decisions” - starting from the age of dispersal (when), to dispersal patterns (how), and final dispersal destination (where); while dominant adult males exhibit variation in reproductive strategies immediately upon takeover - from killing either all, many, or very few infants on one hand (infanticidal) to not killing any vulnerable infants upon takeover (non-infanticidal).
Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia where long term gelada research (Simien Mountains Gelada Research Project, SMGRP) has been ongoing since 2006, I first investigated how the social environment experienced by males as juveniles leads to variation in male development via androgen production and dispersal decisions. I examined the effect of maternal attributes and group attributes on both these aspects of male development. I found that juvenile males with high-ranking mothers had lower fecal androgen levels compared to males with low-ranking mothers, and that male geladas dispersed earlier in larger groups and when they had more peers in their groups suggesting that maternal resources (via rank) and availability of juvenile partners can alter the pace of male development in geladas.
Second, I investigated factors that drove overall infant mortality rates in our population and immediately following dominant male replacements (takeovers). I found that takeovers drive overall infant mortality in our study population, however, all leader males do not commit infanticide upon takeovers even when the opportunity exists. Higher infant survival following a takeover was particularly attributable to instances when there were already reproductive opportunities present in the unit (in the form of cycling females) and when infants were older at the time of takeover.
Finally, I examined how demographic variables and individual male attributes led to variation in infanticidal behavior during takeovers. I found that the presence of former leaders increased takeover rates and decreased overall leader male tenure length. I found no differences in the attributes of infanticidal vs non-infanticidal leader males (wrt androgens and glucocorticoid profiles). There was also no effect of killing infants in the first year on overall tenure length suggesting that the reproductive payoffs between infanticidal males and non-infanticidal males might be similar. This study contextualizes how variation in male behaviors can emerge and builds a framework to test future predictions on male reproductive strategies in geladas. Future research will aim at connecting individual male dispersal decisions with subsequent strategies as dominant males and measure paternity success using genetic data.PhDAnthropologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/176460/1/sharmisn_1.pd
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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