131,085 research outputs found
Hearing and the perception of sound
No full textDavid Alais, Virginia Best, Paul D. Niall, Carolyn Semmler and Donald Woolfordhttp://www.thomsonreuters.com.au/catalogue/productdetails.asp?id=820
Thresholds in a credit market model with multiple equilibria
No full textGrüne L, Semmler W, Sieveking M. Thresholds in a credit market model with multiple equilibria. Diskussionspapier - Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld. Bielefeld: Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld; 2001.The paper studies a credit market model with endogenous credit cost and debt constraints in which multiple candidates for steady state equilibria arise. We use dynamic programming (DP) with exible grid size to locate thresholds that separate different domains of attraction. More specifically, we employ DP to (1) compute present value borrowing constraints and thus creditworthiness, (2) locate thresholds where the dynamics separate to different domains of attraction, (3) distinguish between optimal and non-optimal steady states and (5) demonstrate how the thresholds change with change of the credit cost function of the debtor and (6) explore the impact of debt ceilings and consumption paths on creditworthiness. The analytics is provided for a general model and some generic results are presented for a one state variable problem
Winkelabhängigkeit von 3D-Bewegungsparametern eines Silikon-Stimmlippenmodells
No full textHintergrund und Ziele:
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasste sich mit dem Vergleich der Algorithmen von Luegmair et al. und Semmler et al., welche beide das Ziel hatten, die 3D Bewegungsinformationen eines Silikon-Stimmlippenmodells zu berechnen. Dies bezog sich sowohl auf die Ermittlung der Amplituden als auch der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeiten, wobei eine Abhängigkeit der Resultate von unterschiedlichen Laryngoskop-Positionen untersucht wurde. Die Untersuchungen
bildeten die Grundlage für eine Etablierung von Berechnungen der Stimmlippenbewegung im dreidimensionalen Raum in der klinischen Routine, um Pathologien der Stimmlippen bereits in frühen Stadien erkennen und therapieren zu können.
Material und Methoden:
Oszillationen eines einschichtigen Silikon-Stimmlippenmodells wurden mittels einer an einem Laryngoskop befestigten Highspeed-Kamera aufgezeichnet. Am Laryngoskop wurde eine Laserlichtquelle angebracht, welche ein 2D Gitter aus Laserpunkten auf die Oberfläche
des Modells projizierte. Der Messwinkel zwischen Laryngoskop und Stimmlippenoberfläche konnte variabel in 5°-Schritten (Bereich α = -15° bis 15°) und der Messabstand zu d = 50mm, 65mm und 80mm verändert werden. Die Rekonstruktion der 3D-Bewegungsinformationen (laterale und vertikale Amplituden, mittlere und maximale Öffnungsgeschwindigkeiten und Schlussgeschwindigkeiten) aus den 2D-Laserprojektionen erfolgte in mehreren Schritten: Detektion der Laserpunkte, Bestimmung der 3D-Positionen, Interpolation der Stimmlippenoberfläche und anschließende Berechnung der Bewegungen gemäß vorher etablierter Algorithmen von Luegmair et al. und Semmler et al.
Ergebnisse:
Algorithmus von Luegmair et al.: Für die lateralen und vertikalen Amplituden, sowie die mittlere laterale und vertikale Öffnungsgeschwindigkeit zeigten sich je nach Messpunkt partiell Korrelationen mit den eingestellten Messwinkeln. Bei den maximalen lateralen Öffnungsgeschwindigkeiten ergab sich eine stark ausgeprägte positive Korrelation. Für die maximalen lateralen Schlussgeschwindigkeiten zeigte sich keine Korrelation zwischen Geschwindigkeit und Messwinkel, für die übrigen Schlussgeschwindigkeiten zeigten sich je nach Messpunkt oder Messabstand partiell Korrelationen mit den Messwinkeln.
Algorithmus von Semmler et al.: Für die lateralen Amplituden zeigte sich eine stark ausgeprägte, signifikante negative Korrelation mit den eingestellten Messwinkeln. Bei den vertikalen Amplituden, den maximalen lateralen und vertikalen Öffnungsgeschwindigkeiten war die negative Korrelation weniger stark ausgeprägt. Die mittleren vertikalen Öffnungsgeschwindigkeiten zeigten mit Ausnahme zweier Werte eine starke negative Korrelation mit den Messwinkeln.
Für alle Schlussgeschwindigkeiten zeigten sich je nach Messpunkt oder Messabstand partiell Korrelationen mit den Messwinkeln.
Schlussfolgerung:
Die Algorithmen von Luegmair et al. und Semmler et al. wiesen unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Abhängigkeiten der untersuchten Parameter von den Messeinstellungen auf. Weitere Untersuchungen ex vivo und in vivo zu beiden Berechnungsverfahren sind notwendig, um diese weiterführend zu validieren
Fiscal policy, public expenditure composition, and growth theory and empirics
No full textThis paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in this debate relates to the effect of the composition of public expenditure on economic growth. Policy makers and some researchers have argued that expenditure on growth-enhancing functions could enhance future revenue and justify the provision of"fiscal space"in the budget. But there are no simple ways to identify the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure. The current paper lays out a research strategy to explore the effects of fiscal policy, including the composition of public expenditure, on economic growth, using a time series approach. Based on the modeling strategy of Greiner, Semmler and Gong (2005) we develop a general model that features a government that undertakes public expenditure on (a) education and health facilities which enhance human capital, (b) public infrastructure such as roads and bridges necessary for market activity, (c) public administration to support government functions, (d) transfers and public consumption facilities, and (e) debt service. The proposed model is numerically solved, calibrated and the impact of the composition of public expenditure on the long-run per capita income explored for low-, lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. Policy implications and practical policy rules are spelled out, the extension to an estimable model indicated, a debt sustainability test proposed, and the out-of-steady-state dynamics studied.Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets,,Public Sector Expenditure Analysis&Management,Access to Finance
The impact of state and trait anger on processing of evidential inconsistencies
No full textPublished online: 01 Dec 2016The courtroom can be an emotional place, and these emotions may impact on a juror’s ability to process and evaluate evidence. This study investigated the effects of mock-jurors’ state and trait anger on the detection of evidential inconsistencies. Community members eligible for jury duty (N D 123) were randomly assigned to hear one of four audio trials differing in evidence consistency and emotion-inducing content. State anger increased endorsement of guilty verdicts, and angry mock-jurors were more careful processors of evidence, detecting more inconsistencies and recalling significantly more trial details. The results lend support to motivational theories of emotional influence on information processing.Carolyn Semmler and Jessica Hurs
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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