163 research outputs found
Contributo alla Formalizzazione di Costrutti di Modellazione Invarianti basati sui Dati per Sistemi Cyber-Fisici
No full textThe thesis aims to identify an approach to formalize data-driven invariant modelling constructs for improving the smartness of manufacturing processes and products, involving networked components. The idea behind data-driven invariant modelling constructs is to permit the re-use of predefined functional patterns for building digital models based on the specific application. The approach makes shared knowledge more easily reusable and it is the basis of some standardization efforts. The use also of Multi Relational Data Mining techniques, in the specific case of Relational Concept Analysis (Valtchev, Missaoui, and Godin 2004), allows the extraction of tacit knowledge embedded in the (big) data coming from the analysed processes.
The thesis proposes a series of modelling patterns (data-driven invariant modelling constructs) for the digital transformation of industrial production systems. A prototype for the analysis of a real industrial process on a production line at Master Italy s.r.l has been developed to experiment our knowledge extraction approach. The resulting tool can exploit existing knowledge and information from real systems to identify problems and to propose potential improvements
Coagulopathy of Acute Sepsis
No full textCoagulopathy is common in acute sepsis and may range from subclinical activation of blood coagulation (hypercoagulability), which may contribute to venous thromboembolism, to acute disseminated intravascular coagulation, characterized by widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of platelets and coagulation proteins, eventually causing bleeding. The key event underlying this life-threatening complication is the overwhelming inflammatory host response to the pathogen leading to the overexpression of inflammatory mediators. The latter, along with the microorganism and its derivatives drive the major changes responsible for massive thrombin formation and fibrin deposition: (1) aberrant expression of tissue factor mainly by monocytes-macrophages, (2) impairment of anticoagulant pathways, orchestrated by dysfunctional endothelial cells (ECs), and (3) suppression of fibrinolysis because of the overproduction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by ECs and thrombin-mediated activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. Neutrophils and other cells, upon activation or death, release nuclear materials (neutrophil extracellular traps and/or their components such as histones, DNA, lysosomal enzymes, and High Mobility Group Box-1), which have toxic, proinflammatory and prothrombotic properties thus contributing to clotting dysregulation. The ensuing microvascular thrombosis–ischemia significantly contributes to tissue injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. These insights into the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated coagulopathy may have implications for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools
A Metamodel for Designing Assessment Models to support transition of production systems towards Industry 5.0
No full textIndustry 4.0 paradigm has focused the attention on information and communication technologies, requiring greater connectivity between physical devices. A good effect of this is the significant productivity enhancement in all its aspects such as reduction of raw material consumption and of production times. But production systems are made of an interaction between human and machines, as the recent literature on Industry 5.0 recalled, trying to reset the role of human actor in the collaboration process in manufacturing. The basic idea is that embracing the Industry 5.0 paradigm, the intelligent cooperation of human operator with properly designed machines may allow an higher efficiency and precision in manufacturing processes based on I4.0.
This paper, starting from a widespread review of all the available assessment models about sustainability and smartness (now turning into “digitainability”), encompassing also maturity models and standards formally proposes a metamodel to support assessment model design and implementation. The metamodel allows to set all the necessary dimensions required for a comprehensive view of any manufacturing reality aimed to move toward a Industry 5.0 paradigm
Exergetic Control Charts (Variability Analysis in a Real Injection-moulding Industrial Application)
No full textAbstractDecision concerning manufacturing process design and management, under sustainable constraints, are difficult to draw when taking into account variability of process conditions. Life-cycle analysis and exergetic analysis are even more jointly adopted to improve the accuracy of resource use efficiency – the so-called hybrid approach – even though these are based on the assumption of constant operating conditions.The paper discussed a new idea to take into account variability in hybrid exergetic LCA due to contingent conditions, by proposing an exergetic control-chart (ExCC) scheme to formalise the variable conditions. The idea behind the ExCC approach is that manufacturing sustainability analysis may change its outcomes when taking into account this ‘dynamic’ point of view.The control-charting scheme here proposed provides a mean to formalise explicitly the effects of variability in time, under the real operating conditions. The main advantage of the approach is to allow a more complete view of the process and to drive hints for improvements or innovations of processes. A real industrial case here presented of an Italian SME explains the potentialities of the idea as well as the limits of the current hybrid approaches available
Concetta Zuccarello cooking in the family kitchen on Bloomfield Avenue.
No full textConcetta Zuccarello, an immigrant from Sicily, in the familiy kitchen 218 Bloomfield Ave., Cold Water Flat. Concetta is grandmother of Josephine Zuccarello, wife of photographer. Both 1910 and 1911 listed as a date for photograph
Histones differentially modulate the anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activities of heparin, heparin derivatives and dabigatran.
No full textThe antithrombin activity of unfractionated heparin (UFH) is offset by extracellular histones, which, along with DNA,
represent a novel mediator of thrombosis and a structural component of thrombi. Here, we systematically evaluated the
effect of histones, DNA, and histone-DNA complexes on the anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activities of UFH, its derivatives
enoxaparin and fondaparinux, and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Thrombin generation was assessed by
calibrated automated thrombinography, inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by synthetic substrates, tissue plasminogen
activator–mediated clot lysis by turbidimetry, and thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation by a functional
assay. Histones alone delayed coagulation and slightly stimulated fibrinolysis. The anticoagulant activity of UFH and
enoxaparin was markedly inhibited by histones, whereas that of fondaparinux was enhanced. Histones neutralized both the
anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities of UFH and preferentially blocked the anti-IIa activity of enoxaparin. The anti-Xa activity
of fondaparinux was not influenced by histones when analyzed by chromogenic substrates, but was potentiated in a
plasma prothrombinase assay. Histones inhibited the profibrinolytic activity of UFH and enoxaparin and enhanced that of
fondaparinux by acting on the modulation of TAFI activation by anticoagulants. Histone H1 was mainly responsible for
these effects. Histone-DNA complexes, as well as intact neutrophil extracellular traps, impaired the activities of UFH,
enoxaparin, and fondaparinux. Dabigatran was not noticeably affected by histones and/or DNA, whatever the assay performed.
In conclusion, histones and DNA present in the forming clot may variably influence the antithrombotic activities
of anticoagulants, suggesting a potential therapeutic advantage of dabigatran and fondaparinux over heparin
Hybrid Exergetic Analysis-LCA approach and the Industry 4.0 paradigm: Assessing Manufacturing Sustainability in an Italian SME
No full textInternational audienc
Pattern-based digital twin for optimizing manufacturing systems: A real industrial-case application
No full textThe digital twin has received strong interests from researchers and industries since it allows predictive manufacturing by integrating the cyber and the physical space. An important prerequisite for the cyber-physical integration is a proper and highly-accurate digital model. Considering the complexity of digital modelling, the paper aims at developing and using predefined modelling patterns to enable building digital models independently of the specific application domain. The idea is explored and validated on a real case study by designing a set of patterns to create a digital twin model prototype adopted to control and optimize the manufacturing system taken into account
Battery monitoring and prognostics optimization techniques: Challenges and opportunities
No full textIn recent years, many researchers have been conducted on batteries' health monitoring and prognostics, mainly focusing on the batteries' state of charge (SOC). Accurately estimating the state of health (SOH) and predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of battery components are very important for the prognosis and health management of the overall battery system. However, due to the non-linear dynamics caused by the electrochemical characteristics in batteries, the accurate estimations of SOC, SOH and RUL prediction are still challenging and many technologies have been developed to solve this challenge. This paper reviews and discusses state of the art in SOC and SOH and RUL estimation techniques for all battery types. A novel framework is developed and presented to compare all battery techniques based on three dimensions: battery performance (Z dimension), approaches (X dimension), and criteria (Y dimension) to fulfil. All studies are reviewed and discussed based on the dimensions and the criteria defined in the framework. Based on this investigation, this study summarizes at the end the key outcomes and suggests future research challenge
Digital twin paradigm for collaborative intelligent manufacturing
No full textCollaborative manufacturing is a business strategy that aims to interconnect the entire supply chain. However, the collaborative manufacturing present different critical issues that can be overcome by the development of new information technologies. One of the key enablers of this IT revolution is the digital twin (DT). It embeds a “virtual” image of the reality constantly synchronized with the real operating scenario to predict possible failure of the system. The chapter aims at providing an up-to date picture of the main features, research, and technical challenges of digital twin for collaborative manufacturing
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