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    Comparative analysis of direct and indirect implant impression techniques an in vitro study

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    Implant impression and transfer of the implant position to a working cast for rehabilitative purposes not always represent a predictable reconstructive step. The variable results depend on the transfer technique utilized and on the accuracy of the impression materials. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the direct and indirect impression techniques and to analyze the distortion of different impression materials. An edentulous acrylic resin mandible was used as reference model: in the cuspid position 2 laboratory analogs were inserted perpendicularly to the occlusal plane and fastened with resin. Two impressions for each indirect and direct recording techniques with 4 different impression materials were made. Polyvinyl siloxanes were used for the repositioning implant level method. Polyethers were used for the ''pick up'' impression technique. Analysis of cast distortion was measured computing the inter-implant position on the developed models compared to that of the master model. Measurements were recorded by a digital caliper. The results of this in vitro study demonstrate that the direct impression technique is preferable to the indirect one and that the Impregum polyether impression material is the most precise when used in association with a direct technique

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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