1,721,078 research outputs found
Fences: the silently, sprawling network
No full textFrom fortified borders to decorative garden walls, fences form ubiquitous widespread networks that sprawl across the global terrestrial landscape. Fences and walls are one of the oldest tools used by people to manage other people and wildlife, e.g. by marking territorial boundaries, separating livestock from wild animals, or monitoring the movement of people through border controls. There is no reliable measure of extent of the global fence network, however it is estimated to be at least 10 times that of the global road network (Jakes et al. 2018), which is currently more than 64 million km (Dulac 2013), and expected to reach 90 million km by 2050 (Laurance et al. 2014). Despite the enormous extent of the fence network, fences are rarely subjected to environmental impact assessments, and the ecological impacts of fencing are severely underestimated and understudied (Jakes et al. 2018, McInturff et al. 2020, Buton et al. 2024). [...]Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. MB is supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG), Research Training Group ConFoBi (GRK 2123).Peer reviewe
The diet of post-breeding Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris and Mallard Anas platyrhynchos in the Goksu Delta, Turkey
No full textFaecal analysis was used to study the diet of the Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris and the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos in the Goksu Delta, Turkey from 13 July to 5 August 1995. Potential food items were netted at Marbled Teal feeding sites, enabling the identification of invertebrate fragments in the faeces and a study of food selection by this species. Marbled Teal faeces were dominated by Scirpus seeds (95 % of dry weight), and seven families of invertebrates (from orders Heteroptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Ostracoda) were identified. In contrast, 93 % of Mallard faeces (dry weight) was green plant matter, which was dominated by Potamogeton pectinatus and Chara vulgaris vars. Seeds (5 % by dry weight) and 10 families of invertebrates (from orders Heteroptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Ostracoda) were also present. The combination of faecal analysis with invertebrate sampling can give information about the feeding areas used by Marbled Teal. Although based on a small number of samples, this is the first detailed study of the diet of this globally threatened species.L’analyse des fèces a été utilisée pour étudier le régime alimentaire de la Sarcelle marbrée Marmaronetta angustirostris et du Colvert Anas platyrhynchos dans le delta de Goksu, Turquie, du 13 juillet au 5 août 1995. Les aliments potentiels ont été récoltés sur les sites d’alimentation de la Sarcelle marbrée, permettant l’identification des fragments d’invertébrés et une étude des préférences alimentaires de l’espèce. Les graines de Scirpus dominaient (95 % du poids sec) dans les fèces de la Sarcelle marbrée et sept familles d’invertébrés (appartenant aux Hétéroptères, Diptères, Coléoptères et Ostracodes) ont été identifiées. En revanche, 93 % (en poids sec) des fèces du Colvert consistaient en végétaux verts où dominaient Potamogeton pectinatus et Chara vulgaris vars ; des graines (5 % en poids sec) et 10 familles d’invertébrés (également des Hétéroptères, Diptères, Coléoptères et Ostracodes) étaient aussi présentes. La combinaison de l’analyse des fèces et des échantillonnages d’invertébrés donne des informations sur les sites d’alimentation fréquentés par la Sarcelle marbrée. Bien que basée sur de petits échantillons, il s’agit de la première étude un peu précise du régime alimentaire de cette espèce globalement menacée.J. Green Andy, Selva Nuria. The diet of post-breeding Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris and Mallard Anas platyrhynchos in the Goksu Delta, Turkey. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 55, n°2, 2000. pp. 161-169
Mammal communities of primeval forests as sentinels of global change
No full textUnderstanding the drivers and consequences of global environmental change is crucial to inform predictions of effects on ecosystems. We used the mammal community of Białowieża Forest, the last lowland near-primeval forest in temperate Europe, as a sentinel of global change. We analyzed changes in stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope values of hair in 687 specimens from 50 mammal species across seven decades (1946-2011). We classified mammals into four taxonomic-dietary groups (herbivores, carnivores, insectivores, and bats). We found a significant negative trend in hair δ15 N for the mammal community, particularly strong for herbivores. This trend is consistent with temporal patterns in nitrogen deposition from (15 N depleted) industrial fertilizers and fossil fuel emissions. It is also in line with global-scale declines in δ15 N reported in forests and other unfertilized, non-urban terrestrial ecosystems and with local decreases in N foliar concentrations. The global depletion of 13 C content in atmospheric CO2 due to fossil fuel burning (Suess effect) was detected in all groups. After correcting for this effect, the hair δ13 C trend became non-significant for both community and groups, except for bats, which showed a strong decline in δ13 C. This could be related to an increase in the relative abundance of freshwater insects taken by bats or increased use of methane-derived carbon in food webs used by bats. This work is the first broad-scale and long-term mammal isotope ecology study in a near-primeval forest in temperate Europe. Mammal communities from natural forests represent a unique benchmark in global change research; investigating their isotopic temporal variation can help identify patterns and early detections of ecosystem changes and provide more comprehensive and integrative assessments than single species approaches.NS was supported by a Bekker scholarship (PPN/BEK/2020/1/00358/U/00001) at Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC from the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange during the preparation of the manuscript. Sample collection and working meetings were supported by two Polish-Spanish joint research projects under the Polish Academy of Sciences PAN-Spanish Council for Scientific Research CSIC scientific cooperation agreement; by PAN funds for study visits of foreign researchers to KAH, and by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project NN304294037) to NS. AC-A was supported by Postdoc Contracts from the EMERGIA Program (Emergia 2021_1073) and FEDER project (FEDER_2021_1524) both from Junta de Andalucía, Spain.Peer reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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