1,721,037 research outputs found
Corruption and democracy
Get PDFFil: Seligson, Mitchell. Universidad de Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos.Uno de los problemas más serios que Ecuador ha enfrentado en los últimos años es el de la corrupción. Publicitados escándalos en el gobierno y en el sector bancario han ocupado titulares en noticias nacionales e internacionales.
La corrupción en Ecuador no se ha limitado a estos sectores sino que se ha extendido a muchas áreas. Un reciente informe de la Contraloría General del Estado encontró que de 1.496 auditorías efectuadas en el año 200, en un 34% de los casos había indicios de responsabilidad penal y en 50% de los casos podía haber responsabilidad civil.
La Comisión de Control Cívico de la Corrupción fue creada en 1997 para enfrentar este serio problema. Las encuestas de opinión pública no son buenos instrumentos para medir la magnitud y naturaleza de la corrupción en altas funciones puesto que tales actos son pocos en número y la mayor parte de lo que el público sabe acerca de ellos viene de los reportes de los medios de comunicación. Las encuestas, sin embargo, son mecanismos excelentes para medir la clase de corrupción que afecta a los ciudadanos en sus vidas diarias. De hecho, más adelante se demuestra que en comparación con los bien conocidos pero a menudo criticados Índices de Percepción de la
Corrupción de Transparencia Internacional, las encuestas son la mejor forma de medir tal corrupción. El Proyecto de Opinión Pública Latinoamericana de la Universidad de Pittsburgh ha realizado varios estudios sobre corrupción, concentrándose en la magnitud de la corrupción experimentada por los ciudadanos, la percepción ciudadana de la honestidad o deshonestidad en varias instituciones y el impacto de la corrupción sobre la democracia. En este capítulo el interés se concentrará en Ecuador, incluyendo comparaciones con otros países cuando sea apropiadoCorruption is one of the most serious problems Ecuador has faced in the last years. Public scandals in government and in the banking sector were placed in the headlines of national and international media. The corruption in Ecuador has also spread to other sectors of the society. A recently report found that there were 34% cases of penal responsibility and 50% cases of civil responsibility from 1.496 investigations made in 2001. The Civil Commission of Corruption Control was created in 1997 to face this serious problem. The public polls are not good instruments to measure the magnitude and nature of corruption in high functions because these acts are very few and what the public opinion know about them comes only from media reports. The public polls, however, are excellent instruments to measure the kind of corruption that affects citizens in their daily lives. In fact, as it will be proved further in this paper, public polls are the best way to measure corruption, even better than the well known and criticized International Transparency Corruption Perception Index. Pittsburgh University Latinoamerican Public Opinion Proyect has made several studies about corruption, focusing in the magnitude of corruption experienced by citizens, citizen perception of honesty / dishonesty in institutions and corruption’s impact on democracy. In this work the main interest will be Ecuador, including different comparisons with other countries when necessary
The ‘Will of the People’ or Willed by Elites? Candidate Rhetoric and the Mobilization of Populist Citizens in Latin America and Europe
No full textWorldwide, millions of people are supporting political candidates who promise to upend “politics as usual.” Frequently referred to as “populists,” their election to power has become increasingly common: citizens have recently elected populists into power in Greece, Italy, Mexico, the United States, Poland, Hungary, and Brazil, among others. Despite populists’ recent electoral victories, we know relatively little about how receptive individuals are to the content of populist messages (i.e., populist frames). To address this question, I use framing theory to situate populist rhetoric in a broader comparative framework, permitting substantive comparisons between what is unique about populism and what is unique about other ways of viewing the relationship between the people and the elites. I apply my theory to a self-collected database of the Tweets of five national campaigns where at least one populist candidate ran in 2018 and 2019: Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Spain. The most important contribution of this research is that it moves the field towards a more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of populist frames relative to other frames common in liberal democracies across contexts, candidates, and communication platforms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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