1,720,959 research outputs found
Real world federated learning with a knowledge distilled transformer for cardiac CT imaging
No full textAbstract Federated learning is a renowned technique for utilizing decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, real-world applications often face challenges like partially labeled datasets, where only a few locations have certain expert annotations, leaving large portions of unlabeled data unused. Leveraging these could enhance transformer architectures’ ability in regimes with small and diversely annotated sets. We conduct the largest federated cardiac CT analysis to date ( n = 8, 104) in a real-world setting across eight hospitals. Our two-step semi-supervised strategy distills knowledge from task-specific CNNs into a transformer. First, CNNs predict on unlabeled data per label type and then the transformer learns from these predictions with label-specific heads. This improves predictive accuracy and enables simultaneous learning of all partial labels across the federation, and outperforms UNet-based models in generalizability on downstream tasks. Code and model weights are made openly available for leveraging future cardiac CT analysis
Kombinierte Effekte von CO2 und Temperatur auf Wachstum und Photosynthese der marinen Gezeitenrotalge Mastocarpus stellatus (Rhodophyta) (Combined effects of CO2 and temperature on growth and photosynthesis of the marine intertidal red alga Mastocarpus stellatus (Rhodophyta))
No full textZusammenfassung
In ständiger Wechselwirkung begriffen, ergänzen sich die Ozeane mit der Erdatmosphäre zu
einem komplexen, wie hochsensiblen System, welches auf Veränderungen verschiedener Art
empfindlich reagiert und dessen Einfluss auf die Lebensbedingungen über und unter Wasser
erheblich ist. Steigende Treibhausgasemissionen und der einhergehende Klimawandel sind
aktuelle Herausvorderungen, die unsere Ozeane in ihrer Funktion als Ökosysteme grundlegend
verändern. Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung gelangt über den atmosphärischen Austausch und
mit stetiger steigender Tendenz CO2 in das Oberflächenwasser der Ozeane, wo es in der Reaktion
mit Wasser Kohlensäure bildet – Ein Prozess der als Ozenversauerung beschrieben wird. Effekte
dieses Vorgangs insbesondere in Kombination mit tiefgreifenden Temperaturveränderungen
können vielseitige Folgen für einzelne Meeresorganismen, sowie gesamte Ökosysteme haben.
Oftmals sind ökophysiologische Antworten einzelner Organismengruppen jedoch unbekannt,
ebenso wie ihre Reaktion im Gesamtkontext ihres Lebensraumes. Ein Beispiel hierfür sind
Makroalgen, die in ihrer Funktion als natürlicher Lebensraum, Laichgrund und als
Nahrungsgrundlage vieler Meereslebewesen einen essentiellen Bestandteil der
Lebensgemeinschaften im Ozean darstellen. Durch die Simulation unterschiedlicher CO2-
Szenarien in optimalen bzw. subletalen Temperaturbereichen wurden im Kontext dieser Arbeit
physiologische Reaktionen in Form von Wachstum, Photosynthese und Pigmentgehalt auf
kombinierte Effekte von Ozeanversauerung und Temperatur an der marinen Gezeitenrotalge
Mastocarpus stellatus untersucht.
In dieser Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass M. stellatus insensitiv auf steigende CO2-
Konzentrationen sowohl innerhalb optimaler als auch in subletalen Temperaturbereichen reagiert.
Eine Steigerung von Photosynthese und Wachstum, wie sie insbesondere an thermischen
Grenzbereichen in einer Ausgangshypothese dieser Studie erwartet wurde, konnte nicht
festgestellt werden. Auch im Bereich der Pigmentkonzentrationen konnten durch simulierte
Effekte der Ozeanversauerung keine signifikanten bzw. bei optimalen Kulturtemperaturen nur
marginale Unterschiede nachgewiesen werden. Interaktive Effekte von CO2 und Temperatur
wurden in Form einer reduzierten Photosyntheseleistung bei subletalen Temperaturbedingunen
beobachtet.
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago, atmospheric CO2-concentrations
have been increasing dramatically. As the world’s oceans and its atmosphere stand in a constant
equilibrium, diffusing CO2 forms a weak carbonic acid within the upper ocean layers leading to a
change in the composition of dissolved inorganic carbon. This process is often referred to as
ocean acidification, which in combination with increasing temperatures due to climate change
can have considerable effects on marine flora and fauna as well as on entire ecosystems.
Ecophysiological responses to an increasing pCO2 and rising temperatures can be manifold as
they vary between different groups of organisms. Hence reactions to a change of these parameters
within organism groups and ecosystems are individual, difficult to predict and not seldom
unknown.
Macroalgae in their function as natural habitats, spawning grounds and food source to a great
variety of marine organisms play an important and essential role in marine environments.
Previous studies have shown diverse responses of macroalgae to effects of ocean acidification
with a majority indicating enhanced rates of growth and photosynthesis.
Simulating different CO2-sceanrios under optimum and sublethal temperature conditions, this
study targets to investigate physiological responses of the intertidal red algae Mastocarpus
stellatus to combined effects of CO2 and temperature in terms of growth, photosynthesis and
pigment content.
This study could show an insensitivity of M. stellatus to rising pCO2 under optimum as well as
under sublethal temperature conditions. Against the leading Hypothesis assuming increased pCO2
could enhance growth and photosynthesis, M. stellatus did not show any of these effects. Pigment
extraction of algal material which has been cultivated under sublethal conditions could not reveal
any significant effects that ocean acidification could have had on pigment content. In case of the
optimum temperature treatment marginal effects were visible but cannot necessarily be attributed
to ocean acidification. Interactive effects were evident in terms of reduced photosynthetic
performance at sublethal temperatures and low CO2-concentrations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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